International plant protection convention 14_EWGCutFlowers_2014_June Final policy review Lilium spp. Agenda Item: 4.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Final policy review: Alternative risk management measures to import Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan December 2013 International plant protection convention 14_EWGCutFlowers_2014_June Final policy review Lilium spp. Agenda Item: 4.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- © Commonwealth of Australia Ownership of intellectual property rights Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Commonwealth of Australia (referred to as the Commonwealth). 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Cataloguing data Department of Agriculture (2013) Final policy review: Alternative risk management measures to import Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan. Department of Agriculture, Canberra. Internet Inquiries regarding the licence and any use of this document should be sent to: [email protected]. Disclaimer The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture has exercised due care and skill in the preparation and compilation of the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Department of Agriculture, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law. Cover image: Lilium spp. flower production in Taiwan, photographed by Department of Agriculture officers, Taiwan field visit, April 2011. Lily cut flower depicted is not necessarily indicative of the species or varieties grown in Taiwan. International plant protection convention 14_EWGCutFlowers_2014_June Final policy review Lilium spp. Agenda Item: 4.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contents Acronyms and abbreviations ................................................................................. vi Abbreviations of units ............................................................................................. vi Summary ................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Australia’s biosecurity policy framework ........................................................................ 1 1.2 This review of policy ...................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Existing policy ................................................................................................................ 3 2 Lilium spp. propagation, commercial cultivation and Taiwan’s commercial production practices ................................................................. 7 2.1 Lilium spp. varieties, propagation and commercial cultivation ...................................... 7 2.2 Climate in Taiwan’s production areas ........................................................................... 9 2.3 Taiwan’s commercial production practices .................................................................. 11 2.4 Taiwan’s export capability ........................................................................................... 12 3 Method for pest risk analysis ...................................................................... 13 3.1 Stage 1: Initiation of the PRA ...................................................................................... 13 3.2 Stage 2: Pest Risk Assessment .................................................................................. 14 3.3 Stage 3: Pest risk management .................................................................................. 21 4 Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests ............................................. 23 5 Pest risk management ................................................................................. 29 5.1 Pest risk management measures and phytosanitary procedures ............................... 29 5.2 Remedial action(s) for non-compliance detected on-arrival in Australia ..................... 32 5.3 Uncategorised pests .................................................................................................... 32 5.4 Review of policy ........................................................................................................... 32 6 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 33 Appendix A: Initiation and categorisation of pests associated with Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan ............................................. 37 Appendix B Additional quarantine pest data..................................................... 58 Glossary .................................................................................................................. 65 References .............................................................................................................. 67 International plant protection convention 14_EWGCutFlowers_2014_June Final policy review Lilium spp. Agenda Item: 4.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tables Table 1.1 Specific biosecurity measures for Lilium spp. bulbs as nursery stock (potted colour or cut flower production) 4 Table 1.2 Specific biosecurity measures for cut flowers other than Lilium spp. 5 Table 3.1 Nomenclature for qualitative likelihoods 17 Table 3.2 Matrix of rules for combining qualitative likelihoods 17 Table 3.3 Decision rules for determining the consequence impact score based on the magnitude of consequences at four geographic scales 19 Table 3.4 Decision rules for determining the overall consequence rating for each pest 20 Table 3.5 Risk estimation matrix 20 Table 4.1 Quarantine pests for Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan 23 Table 4.2 Summary of unrestricted risk estimates for example quarantine pests 28 Figures Figure 1 Map of Australian states and territories v Figure 2 A guide to Australia’s bio-climate zones v Figure 3 Climate in Taiwan 10 International plant protection convention 14_EWGCutFlowers_2014_June Final policy review Lilium spp. Agenda Item: 4.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Figure 1 Map of Australian states and territories Tropic of Capricorn Figure 2 A guide to Australia’s bio-climate zones International plant protection convention 14_EWGCutFlowers_2014_June Final policy review Lilium spp. Agenda Item: 4.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acronyms and abbreviations Term or abbreviation Definition ALOP Appropriate level of protection APPD Australian Plant Pest Database (Plant Health Australia) AQIS Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service BAPHIQ Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Taiwan CABI CAB International, Wallingford, UK CMI Commonwealth Mycological Institute DAFF Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (former title of the Department, now Department of Agriculture) FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IPC International Phytosanitary Certificate IPM Integrated Pest Management IPPC International Plant Protection Convention IRA Import Risk Analysis ISPM International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures NPPO National Plant Protection Organization NSW New South Wales NT Northern Territory PRA Pest Risk Analysis Qld Queensland Tas. Tasmania Vic. Victoria WA Western