978-1-7935-1148-5_cvr.pdf 1 12/14/20 3:52 PM C M Y CM MY CY CMY K FUNDAMENTALS OF CLINICAL REHABILITATION COUNSELING Mary-Anne M. Joseph and Mona Robinson, Editors Alabama State University and Ohio University SAN DIEGO Bassim Hamadeh, CEO and Publisher Amy Smith, Senior Project Editor Alia Bales, Production Editor Stephanie Kohl, Licensing Coordinator Natalie Piccotti, Director of Marketing Kassie Graves, Vice President of Editorial Jamie Giganti, Director of Academic Publishing Copyright © 2021 by Cognella, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including pho- tocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information retrieval system without the written permission of Cognella, Inc. For inquiries regarding permissions, translations, foreign rights, audio rights, and any other forms of reproduction, please contact the Cognella Licensing Department at [email protected]. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identifica- tion and explanation without intent to infringe. Copyright © 2016 iStockphoto LP/ferrantraite. Printed in the United States of America. 3970 Sorrento Valley Blvd., Ste. 500, San Diego, CA 92121 Brief Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1. Historical Background of Modern Rehabilitation Practice 1 John Tooson, PhD, CRC Malik Raheem, EdD 2. Disability Law 13 Camilla Drake, PhD, LPC Angela Hall, PhD Sekeria Bossie, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, CAMS, ACAS Dothel Edwards, RhD, CRC, CLCP 3. A Global View of Disability and Social Justice 31 Franco Dispenza, PhD, LP, CRC 4. Models of Disability 45 Bilal Urkmez, PhD, CRC Chanda Pinkney, MA 5. People With Disabilities 61 Ajasha M. Long, MS Louvisia Conley, MEd, EdS Juwanna Kindred, MS Sharon Brown, PhD, CRC Chrisann Schiro-Geist, PhD, CRC, D/ABVE 6. The Duplicity of Disability and Abuse 79 Dr. Brian L. Bethel, PhD, LPCC-S, LCDC III, RPT-S 7. Legal and Ethical Issues in Counseling 91 Mona Robinson, PhD, LPCC-S, LSW, CRC Mary-Anne M. Joseph, PhD, LPC, CRC 8. Career and Disability 105 Rebecca R. Sametz, PhD, CRC, LPC, ETS, CMCC Danielle Dede Nimako, PhD, CRC 9. Vocational Rehabilitation Systems 115 Judith L. Drew, PhD, CRC 10. Assessment 131 Mona Robinson, PhD, LPCC-S, LSW, CRC Denise Lewis, PhD, LPC, NCC v vi | Fundamentals of Clinical Rehabilitation Counseling 11. Case Management 143 De’Amber L. Johnson, MS, LPC Phillip D. Lewis, PhD, CRC, LADC-C Perry Sanders, EdD, CRC 12. Independent Living 153 Kent Crenshaw, MS, CRC Mary-Anne M. Joseph, PhD, LPC, CRC 13. Assistive Technology 169 Robert Stevens, PhD, LPC, CRC Mona Robinson, PhD, LPCC-S, LSW, CRC Bill Bauer, PhD, ALPS, LPC, CRC 14. Forensic Rehabilitation Services in the United States 181 Thomas D. Upton, PhD, CRC Jennifer Sánchez, PhD, CRC, LMHC Matthew Sprong, LCPC, CRC Index 195 About the Editors 199 About the Contributors 201 Detailed Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1. Historical Background of Modern Rehabilitation Practice 1 John Tooson, PhD, CRC Malik Raheem, EdD Learning Objectives 1 Physical Disabilities 6 Introduction 1 Historical Lineage of Clinical Ancient Greece and Rome 2 Rehabilitation Counseling 7 Middle Ages 2 Historical Lineage of Clinical Rehabilitation Counseling Accreditation 8 17th- and 18th-Century America 3 Clinical Rehabilitation Counseling Rehabilitation in the 19th Century 3 as a Specialized Practice 9 Rehabilitation of People With Hearing Disabilities 4 Summary 9 Rehabilitation of Persons Who Are Blind 5 Discussion Questions 10 Rehabilitation of Persons With Mental Illness 5 References 11 Rehabilitation of Persons With 2. Disability Law 13 Camilla Drake, PhD, LPC Angela Hall, PhD Sekeria Bossie, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, CAMS, ACAS Dothel Edwards, RhD, CRC, CLCP Learning Objectives 13 Pushkin v. Regents of the University of Colorado, 1981 19 Introduction 13 Impact of Cases on Individuals With Disabilities 20 Significant Court Cases 14 Legislation 20 Mills v. Board of Education, 1972 14 Years 1917–1938 20 Galloway v. Superior Court of Dis- Years 1943–1971 21 trict of Columbia, 1993 15 Years 1973–1986 22 Lane v. Pena, Secretary of Transportation, 1996 16 Years 1988–2014 24 Petition of Rubenstein, 1994 16 Summary 28 Bartlett v. New York State Board of Discussion Questions 29 Law Examiners, 1997 18 References 29 3. A Global View of Disability and Social Justice 31 Franco Dispenza, PhD, LP, CRC Learning Objectives 31 Asia 34 Introduction 31 Australia 35 Europe 35 Disability Around the Globe 32 North America 36 Africa 33 South America 37 vii viii | Fundamentals of Clinical Rehabilitation Counseling Clinical Rehabilitation Practice on a Global Level 38 Summary 40 Rehabilitation Counseling With PWD 38 Discussion Questions 41 Social Justice Advocacy for PWD 39 References 41 4. Models of Disability 45 Bilal Urkmez, PhD, CRC Chanda Pinkney, MA Learning Objectives 45 Philosophical Approaches to Disability 50 Introduction 45 Societal/Sociological Approaches to Disability 51 Threat of Disability 52 Moral/Religious Model of Disability 46 Identity Model of Disability 52 Philosophical Approaches to Disability 46 Economic Approaches to Disability 47 Philosophical Approaches to Disability 53 Societal/Sociological Approaches to Disability 47 Human Rights Model of Disability 54 Threat of Disability 48 Cultural Model of Disability 55 Medical Model of Disability 48 Economic Model of Disability 56 Philosophical Approaches to Disability 48 Charity Model of Disability 56 Economic Approaches to Disability 49 Limitation of Models of Disability 57 Societal/Sociological Approaches to Disability 49 Threat of Disability 49 Summary 58 Sociopolitical Model of Disability 50 Discussion Questions 58 References 58 5. People With Disabilities 61 Ajasha M. Long, MS Louvisia Conley, MEd, EdS Juwanna Kindred, MS Sharon Brown, PhD, CRC Chrisann Schiro-Geist, PhD, CRC, D/ABVE Learning Objectives 61 Benefits of Community Involvement 67 Defining Disability 61 Community Involvement Creates a Sense of Social Interconnection 68 Chronic Versus Acute 62 Congenital Versus Acquired 62 Types of Disabilities 68 Adjustment to Disability 63 Physical Disabilities 68 Disability and Family 64 Sensory Disabilities 69 Developmental/Intellectual Disabilities 70 Parenting a Child With a Disability 64 Learning Disabilities 71 Marriage/Romantic Partnership 65 Psychiatric Disabilities/Mental Health 71 Interdisciplinary Teams 66 Summary 72 Disability and Community 67 Discussion Questions 73 Characteristics of Community Involvement 67 References 74 6. The Duplicity of Disability and Abuse 79 Dr. Brian L. Bethel, PhD, LPCC-S, LCDC III, RPT-S Learning Objectives 79 The Impact of Abuse 83 Introduction 79 Intervention and Treatment 83 Disability and Victimization Across the Life Span 80 Recommendations for Counseling Professionals 84 Types of Abuse and Exploitation 81 Summary 88 Detailed Contents | ix Discussion Questions 88 References 88 7. Legal and Ethical Issues in Counseling 91 Mona Robinson, PhD, LPCC-S, LSW, CRC Mary-Anne M. Joseph, PhD, LPC, CRC Learning Objectives 91 Ethical Codes of Conduct 97 Introduction 91 Ethical Issues 98 Defining Ethics 91 Ethical Decision-Making Models 98 Ethical Principles 92 Brief Descriptions of the Models 99 Summary 101 Confidentiality 94 Discussion Questions 102 Duty to Warn 95 References 103 Types of Ethics 96 8. Career and Disability 105 Rebecca R. Sametz, PhD, CRC, LPC, ETS, CMCC Danielle Dede Nimako, PhD, CRC Learning Objectives 105 Accommodations 109 Introduction 105 Summary 110 Early Treatment of People With Disabilities 106 Discussion Questions 110 Statistics: Disability and Employment 107 References 111 Employers’ Perceptions of Disability 108 Demand-Side Placement Services 108 9. Vocational Rehabilitation Systems 115 Judith L. Drew, PhD, CRC Learning Objectives 115 Work Incentive Benefit Experts 125 Introduction 115 Rehabilitation Case Management 125 The Types of Vocational Rehabilitation Systems 117 Summary 126 Public Rehabilitation 117 Discussion Questions 128 Consumer Statuses & VR Status Codes 118 References 128 Private For-Profit Rehabilitation 122 10. Assessment 131 Mona Robinson, PhD, LPCC-S, LSW, CRC Denise Lewis, PhD, LPC, NCC Learning Objectives 131 Educational Assessment: WRAT5 Introduction 131 Achievement Tests 136 Vocational Assessment: ASVAB Aptitude Test 136 Test Administrator Qualifications 132 Interest Test: Strong Interest Inventory 137 The Assessment Process 133 Behavioral Tests: Functional Behavioral Assessment 138 Key Statistical Terms 133 Psychological Assessments: Intelli- Common Types of Assessments 134 gence & Achievement Tests 138 Substance Abuse Screening Tools 139 Assessments by Setting and Type 135 Summary 139 Assessment and Clinical Interview Considerations 135 Test Bias and Cultural and Ethical Considerations 136 Discussion Questions 141 Interpreting Assessments and Reporting Results 136 References 141 x | Fundamentals of Clinical Rehabilitation Counseling 11. Case Management 143 De’Amber L. Johnson, MS, LPC Phillip D. Lewis, PhD, CRC, LADC-C Perry Sanders, EdD, CRC Learning Objectives 143 Care Planning and Service Coordination 147 Introduction 143 Follow-Up and Reassessment 148 Defining Case Management 144 Interdisciplinary Case Management 149 Roles of a Case Manager 145 Disability Case Management 149 Case Management Models 145 Private Rehabilitation 149 Phases of Case Management 146 Summary 150 Referral 147 Discussion Questions 151 Intake and Screening