Global conservation Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021 translocation perspectives: 2021 IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021 Case studies from around the globe Edited by Pritpal S. Soorae IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group (CTSG) i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or any of the funding organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. IUCN is pleased to acknowledge the support of its Framework Partners who provide core funding: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark; Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland; Government of France and the French Development Agency (AFD); the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea; the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad); the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the United States Department of State. Published by: IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi & Calgary Zoo, Canada. Copyright: © 2021 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Soorae, P. S. (ed.) (2021). Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021. Case studies from around the globe. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi and Calgary Zoo, Canada. xiv + 353pp. Edition: 7th Edition Cover photo: Clockwise starting from top-left: I. Darwin’s rhea (Rhea pennata pennata) © Cristián Saucedo II. Orinoco turtle (Podocnemis expansa) III. Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) © Mei-Ting Chen IV. White saxaul (Haloxylon persicum) © EAD V. Southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis) © Michael Hammer Cover design & layout by: Pritpal S. Soorae, IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group Printed by: Arafah Printing Press LLC, Abu Dhabi, UAE Download at: www.iucn-ctsg.org www.iucn.org/resources/publications ii CONTENTS Foreword from Dr. Shaikha Al Dhaheri, Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi ................. vii Foreword from Dr. Axel Moehrenschlager, IUCN SSC CTSG ..................................... viii Foreword from Dr. Sonja Luz, Wildlife Reserves Singapore ....................................... ix Foreword from Tony King, The Aspinall Foundation .................................................... x Foreword from Dr. Jon Paul Rodriguez, SSC .............................................................. xi Overview and analysis of reintroduction case studies ................................................. xiii Invertebrates ............................................................................................................... 1 Field cricket in England ................................................................................................. 1 Murray crayfish in Australia .......................................................................................... 6 Red-spotted apollo butterfly in South Korea ................................................................ 11 Scarce fritillary butterfly in Czech Republic .................................................................. 17 Fish .............................................................................................................................. 21 Malanda rainbowfish in Australia ................................................................................. 21 Yarra and Southern pygmy perch in Australia ............................................................. 26 Bullhead reintroduction ................................................................................................ 32 Pahrump poolfish in Nevada, USA .............................................................................. 41 Moapa dace in Nevada, USA ....................................................................................... 46 Amphibians ................................................................................................................. 52 Apennine yellow-bellied toad in Italy ............................................................................ 52 Leiopelma archeyi in New Zealand .............................................................................. 56 Mountain yellow-legged frog in California, USA ........................................................... 65 Green and golden bell frogs in Australia ...................................................................... 70 Relict leopard frog in Nevada, USA ............................................................................. 76 Reptiles ....................................................................................................................... 82 Hermann’s tortoise in France ....................................................................................... 82 Orinoco crocodile in Venezuela ................................................................................... 87 Orinoco turtle in Venezuela .......................................................................................... 93 Birds ............................................................................................................................ 98 Newell’s shearwaters and Hawaiian petrels to Hawaii, USA ....................................... 98 Red-billed chough in British Channel Islands .............................................................. 103 Andean condor in Chile ................................................................................................ 108 Darwin’s rhea in Chile .................................................................................................. 113 Mabula ground hornbill in South Africa ........................................................................ 118 Laysan teal in Hawaii, USA .......................................................................................... 123 Great green macaw in Costa Rica ............................................................................... 128 Scarlet macaw in Costa Rica ....................................................................................... 133 Mallee emu-wren in South Australia ............................................................................ 137 Griffon vulture in SW Bulgaria ...................................................................................... 143 Great-billed seed finch reintroduction in Brazil ............................................................ 148 v Mammals ..................................................................................................................... 152 Père David's deer in China ........................................................................................... 152 Southern pudu in Chile ................................................................................................. 158 Red-rumped agouti in Brazil ......................................................................................... 163 Brown howler monkey in Brazil .................................................................................... 168 Stephens’ kangaroo rat in California, USA ................................................................... 173 Andean cat in Bolivia .................................................................................................... 178 Los Angeles pocket mouse in California, USA ............................................................. 184 Banded and Rufous hare-wallaby in Australia ............................................................. 189 Eastern quoll in Australia .............................................................................................. 194 Leopard cat in Taiwan .................................................................................................. 200 European ground squirrel in Czech Republic ............................................................... 205 African elephants in Kenya ........................................................................................... 210 European bison in Romania ......................................................................................... 214 Plains bison in Montana, USA ...................................................................................... 220 Brown hyena in South Africa ........................................................................................ 225 Javan silvery gibbon in Indonesia ................................................................................ 229 Javan grizzled and Western Javan ebony langur in Indonesia .................................... 235 Javan ebony langur in East Java, Indonesia ................................................................ 241 Collared peccary in Argentina ...................................................................................... 246 Plants