Review of Asian species/country combinations subject to long-standing import suspensions (Version edited for public release) SRG 54 Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General Environment ENV.E.2. – Environmental Agreements and Trade by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre November, 2010 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring PREPARED FOR Centre 219 Huntingdon Road The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Cambridge CB3 0DL DISCLAIMER United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 The contents of this report do not necessarily Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 reflect the views or policies of UNEP or Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply ABOUT UNEP-WORLD CONSERVATION the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on MONITORING CENTRE the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring legal status of any country, territory, city or Centre (UNEP-WCMC), based in Cambridge, area or its authority, or concerning the UK, is the specialist biodiversity information delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. and assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), run cooperatively with WCMC, a UK charity. The © Copyright: 2010, European Commission Centre's mission is to evaluate and highlight the many values of biodiversity and put authoritative biodiversity knowledge at the centre of decision-making. Through the analysis and synthesis of global biodiversity knowledge the Centre provides authoritative, strategic and timely information for conventions, countries and organisations to use in the development and implementation of their policies and decisions. The UNEP-WCMC provides objective and scientifically rigorous procedures and services. These include ecosystem assessments, support for the implementation of environmental agreements, global and regional biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and the development of future scenarios. CITATION UNEP-WCMC. 2010. Review of Asian species/country combinations subject to long- standing import suspensions. SRG 54. UNEP- WCMC, Cambridge. 2 Introduction Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Species reviews ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Overview of Moschus spp. ........................................................................................................................... 5 SPECIES: Moschus anhuiensis ................................................................................................................ 13 SPECIES: Moschus berezovskii ................................................................................................................ 15 SPECIES: Moschus chrysogaster ............................................................................................................. 19 SPECIES: Moschus fuscus ....................................................................................................................... 23 SPECIES: Moschus moschiferus .............................................................................................................. 25 SPECIES: Canis lupus ............................................................................................................................. 38 SPECIES: Lynx lynx ................................................................................................................................ 43 SPECIES: Varanus salvator ..................................................................................................................... 47 SPECIES: Python molurus ....................................................................................................................... 56 SPECIES: Python reticulatus ................................................................................................................... 64 SPECIES: Geochelone elegans .................................................................................................................. 74 SPECIES: Geochelone platynota ............................................................................................................... 77 SPECIES: Indotestudo elongata ............................................................................................................... 80 ANNEX I Full version of large trade tables ............................................................................................ 86 ANNEX II Purpose and Source Codes ..................................................................................................... 89 3 Introduction 1. Introduction Article 4.6(b) import suspensions for some species/country combinations have been in place for a relatively long time. It was agreed that a review of such import suspensions be undertaken in order to determine whether or not they are still appropriate. Species subject to long-standing import suspensions from Madagascar and Indonesia were reviewed at the 49th and 50th meetings of the SRG and it was agreed to remove 11 and 24 import suspensions respectively. An overview of trade in a further 323 species/country combinations subject to EC import suspensions formed in 2001 or earlier (but not subject to trade suspensions formed through CITES processes) was presented at SRG 51, and the SRG agreed to the removal of 184 of these import suspensions, based on the current or anticipated levels of trade. The remaining 139 species/country combinations were suggested for in-depth review by the SRG, to determine whether the listing in the Suspensions Regulations may still be warranted. An SRG 52 document presented in-depth reviews for the African mammal and bird species/country combinations, and an SRG 53 document for the African reptile species/country combinations, for which the SRG agreed to the removal of 28 and 8 import suspensions, respectively, from the EC Suspensions Regulations. CITES Trade Data were extracted in September 2010; as this was one month before the October 31st deadline for submission of the CITES annual reports and many 2009 annual reports had not yet been received, only trade data up until 2008 are included in this report. 4 Overview of Moschus spp. SRG 54 2. Species reviews Overview of Moschus spp. Much of the information for Moschus deer was reported at the genus level, including some trade data. This information is presented as an overview prior to the individual species reviews. TRADE PATTERNS: China: The only reported direct trade from China to the EU-27 of Moschus deer traded at the genus level 1979-2008 were derivatives and musk imported for the purpose of enforcement, and numerous confiscations/seizures of derivatives and musk (Table 1). The only indirect trade into the EU-27 of Moschus spp. originating in China was the import by Portugal of one derivative re-exported from Macao in 1989 for educational purposes. Direct exports of Moschus spp. from China to countries other than the EU-27 mainly consisted of derivatives (primarily wild-sourced or confiscated/seized items) (Table 2). Smaller quantities of Moschus spp. were also exported under a variety of other terms including bone, meat, musk and skin pieces. Russian Federation: The only reported direct trade from the Russian Federation to the EU-27 of Moschus deer traded at the genus level 1979-2008 was the import by Germany of 33.7 kg of wild- sourced musk in 1996 for commercial purposes. There was no reported indirect trade into the EU-27 of Moschus spp. originating in the Russian Federation. The only reported direct trade of Moschus spp. from the Russian Federation to countries other than the EU-27 over the period 1979-2008 was the import by the United States of 4 wild-sourced Moschus spp. of unspecified term in 1997. New Zealand also reported the confiscation/seizure of one derivative from the Russian Federation in 2003. 5 Overview of Moschus spp. SRG 54 Table 1. Direct exports of Moschus spp. from China to EU-27, 1979-2008. (No trade was reported at the genus level prior to 2000) Importer Term Units Purpose Source Reported by 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total Greece derivatives bottles L W Importer Exporter 2 2 boxes L W Importer Exporter 1 1 musk - L W Importer Exporter 1 1 Hungary derivatives - - I Importer 83 3 86 Exporter Poland derivatives - - I Importer 1 1 Exporter Slovenia derivatives - - I Importer 660 117 777 Exporter United Kingdom derivatives kg - I Importer 0.04 0.5 0.04 0.57 Exporter - - I Importer 107 30 526 30 122 49 864 Exporter musk - - I Importer 200 200 Exporter Subtotal derivatives - I Importer 107 30 526 30 782 200 3 49 1 1728 (main trade only) Exporter 6 Overview of Moschus spp. SRG 54 Table 2. Direct exports of Moschus spp. derivatives from China to countries other than EU-27, 1979-2008. (Units reported as grams have been converted to kilograms) Term Units Purpose Source Reported by 1989-1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total derivatives bags - I Importer 309 309 Exporter bottles T W Importer Exporter 29400 29400 boxes P I Importer 2 2 Exporter W Importer Exporter 1 20 21 T W Importer Exporter 18200 18200 cartons T I Importer 21 21 Exporter U Importer Exporter 500 500 - I Importer 19 19 Exporter kg P I Importer 0.60 0.04