Maruleng Municipality: A Profile of the Municipal Area Wehnke van der Merwe & Derick du Toit January 2016 Acknowledgements The USAID: RESILIM-O project is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under USAID/Southern Africa RESILIENCE IN THE LIMPOPO BASIN PROGRAM (RESILIM). The RESILIM-O project is implemented by the Association for Water and Rural Development (AWARD), in collaboration with partners. Cooperative Agreement nr AID-674-A-13-00008. © Association for Water and Rural Development (AWARD) Authors Wehnke van der Merwe & Derick du Toit 9 January 2016 Association for Water and Rural Development (AWARD) P O Box 1919 Hoedspruit 1380 Limpopo, South Africa T 015-793 0503 W award.org.za Company Reg. No. 98/03011/08 Maruleng Municipality: A Profile of the municipal area Table of Contents List of Maps & Tables ................................................................................................ 2 List of Figures ......................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 3 2 Values ........................................................................................................... 5 3 Social ........................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Demographic information .................................................................................. 7 3.1.1 Population growth ................................................................................... 7 3.1.2 Population Density ................................................................................... 8 3.1.3 Population distribution ............................................................................ 10 3.2 Education..................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Health ......................................................................................................... 13 4 Technological ................................................................................................ 13 4.1 Human settlement and development trends ........................................................... 14 4.2 Infrastructure ................................................................................................ 15 4.3 Transport ..................................................................................................... 15 4.4 External development ..................................................................................... 18 5 Economic ...................................................................................................... 19 5.1 Socio-Economic Overview ................................................................................. 19 5.2 Economic Sectors ........................................................................................... 22 6 Environmental ................................................................................................ 25 6.1 Ecosystem Service Supplies and its state ............................................................... 25 6.1.1 Biophysical overview ............................................................................... 25 6.1.2 Topography .......................................................................................... 26 6.1.3 Biomes ................................................................................................ 28 6.1.4 Threatened Ecosystems & key ecosystem production areas ................................ 30 6.1.5 Water Related Ecosystem Service Provision ................................................... 32 6.2 Ecosystem Service Demand ............................................................................... 35 6.2.1 Provisioning ES ...................................................................................... 35 6.2.2 Protected areas as a Cultural ES ................................................................. 42 6.2.3 Climate Change Resilience as a Regulating ES................................................. 44 6.2.4 Carbon sequestration as Regulating ES ......................................................... 47 6.2.5 Agriculture as Supporting ES ...................................................................... 48 7 Political ....................................................................................................... 48 7.1 Boundaries ................................................................................................... 48 7.2 Authorities ................................................................................................... 51 7.3 Land claims .................................................................................................. 51 8 Bibliography .................................................................................................. 54 Maruleng Municipality: A Profile of the municipal area | 1 List of Maps & Tables Map 1: Maruleng in relation to the SA side of the Olifants catchment .......................................... 4 Table 1: Hoedspruit VSTEEP Public Participation Meeting Source: (AWARD, 2014a) .......................... 5 Table 2: Population and Household Growth Pattern (Source: StatsSA, Census 2011 Municipal Report, 2012) .. 7 Map 2: Population Density per Ward ................................................................................... 9 Map 3: Educational Level ............................................................................................... 12 Map 4: Maruleng and Broader Area Land Us ......................................................................... 14 Map 5: Transport Corridors (Source: Plan Associates, 2014)...................................................... 17 Map 6: Topography ....................................................................................................... 27 Table 3: Biomes (Source: SANBI, 2004) ............................................................................... 28 Table 4: Threatened Ecosystems (Source: SANBI, 2004) .......................................................... 30 Map 8: Threatened Ecosystems & Strategic Water Resource Areas (Holness et al., 2014) .................. 31 Map 9: Water Related Ecosystem Service Features ................................................................ 32 Table 5: Ecological River Categories (Source: NFEPA, 2010: 51) ................................................ 33 Table 6: Direct NR Usage per Ward (Cooking, Heating, Water) ........................................................ 35 Map 10: Dot Density ES Demand Map for Maruleng, per wards- Energy for Heating.......................... 37 Map 11: Dot Density ES Demand Map for Maruleng, per wards - Energy for Cooking ......................... 39 Map 12: Dot Density ES Demand Map for Maruleng, per wards - Water Usage ................................ 41 Map 13: Protected Areas and Conservation Land use (Source: Holness et al., 2014) ........................ 42 Map 14: Areas Supporting Climate Change Resilience (Source: Holness et al., 2014) ....................... 45 Table 7: Key Features Promoting Climate Change Resilience (Source: Driver, et al 2012) ................. 46 Map 15: Political boundaries around Maruleng ...................................................................... 50 Table 8: Land Claims (Source: Maruleng Municipality, 2014) ..................................................... 52 Map 16: Tribal Authorities (Source: Plan Associates, 2014) ...................................................... 53 List of Figures Figure 1: Population Distribution Pattern (Source: StatsSA SuperWeb, 2014a) ............................... 10 Figure 2: Education Levels (Source: StatsSA SuperWeb, 2014b) ................................................. 11 Figure 3: Employment Status (Source: StatsSA SuperWeb, 2014c) .............................................. 19 Figure 4: Economic Dependency (Source: StatsSA SuperWeb, 2014c) .......................................... 20 Figure 5: Household Income for Maruleng, Mopani and Limpopo (Source: van Jaarsveld, 2014) .......... 21 Figure 6: Household Income Levels per Ward (Source: StatsSA, Census 2011 Statistical Release, 2012) ...... 21 Figure 7: Main GVA Producing Sectors in Maruleng (Source: Wilson, 2012) ................................... 22 Figure 8: Main GVA Producing Sectors (Source: Quantec, 2015) ................................................. 23 Figure 9: Sectoral Contribution to Formal Employment (Source: Quantec, 2015) ............................ 23 Figure 10: Energy for Heating – Entire Maruleng .................................................................... 36 Figure 11: Energy for Cooking – Entire Maruleng ................................................................... 38 Figure 12: Source of Water – Entire Maruleng ....................................................................... 40 Figure 13: Types of Agricultural Households (Source: StatsSA, Census 2011 Municipal Report, 2012) .......... 48 Maruleng Municipality: A Profile of the municipal area | 2 1 Introduction This overview of Maruleng is focused on how to make environmental planning more explicit within the integrated spatial planning processes of the municipality. There is a specific focus on taking a systemic approach that will identify the complexity and interconnectedness of the major drivers in the area. Systemically