Knowledge Gaps on Religious Literacy and Constitutional Rights in Kenya Baseline Study Report December 2019 Submitted by: ETC Consulting Ltd Methodist Ministries, Block B 2nd Floor, Lavington, P.O. Box 76269, 00508 Yaya, Nairobi, Kenya Phone : +254 (0)786 959 418/ : +254 (0)701 282 184 E-mail:[email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This baseline study was conducted to inform the implementation of the Norwegian Agency for Development-funded consortium project, “’Religious minorities in Kenya: Overcoming divides, respecting rights.” (RMP). The project is led by Muslims for Human Rights (MUHURI) and implemented together with The Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers (NRTP), Islamic Relief Kenya (IRK), The Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims (SUPKEM) and Tangaza University. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... i List of Acronyms: .................................................................................................................. iii SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... iv KEY FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................... v CHAPTER ARRANGEMENT ................................................................................................ vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Purpose and Objectives of the Study .......................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope of Work ............................................................................................................ 2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 3 2.1 Kenya’s Contemporary Religious Demography .......................................................... 3 2.1.1 Landscape of Religious Freedoms in Kenya ........................................................ 3 2.1.2 Status of Government Commitment to Religious Freedom .................................. 4 2.2 Religious Communities and Institutions ...................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Traditional Religions and Spirituality .................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Christianity in Kenya ............................................................................................ 6 2.2.3 Islam in Kenya ..................................................................................................... 7 2.2.4 Other Religious Communities .............................................................................. 7 2.3 Religious Umbrella Organizations............................................................................... 8 2.3.1 National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK) .................................................. 8 2.3.2 Organization of African Instituted Churches (OAIC) ............................................. 8 2.3.3 Evangelical Alliance Kenya (EAK) ....................................................................... 8 2.3.4 Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims (SUPKEM) .................................................. 8 2.3.5 Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya (CIPK) .............................................. 9 2.4 Interfaith Relations and Action .................................................................................... 9 2.4.1 Coast Interfaith Council of Clerics Trust (CICC) ................................................... 9 2.4.2 Inter Religious Council of Kenya (IRCK) .............................................................. 9 2.4.3 Christian-Muslim Relations .................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 11 3.1 General approach ..................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Sampling ........................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Survey Pre-Field Procedures .................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Development of study tools ............................................................................... 15 3.3 Field data collection, data cleaning and analysis ...................................................... 15 Baseline study on knowledge gaps on religious literacy and constitutional rights in Kenya Submitted by ETC Consulting Limited i 3.3.1 Data Collection .................................................................................................. 15 3.3.2 Field Supervision ............................................................................................... 15 3.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................................ 15 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS .................................................................................................... 16 4.1 Common findings across all the counties; ................................................................. 16 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RMP PROGRAMME 25 5.1 Recommendations ................................................................................................... 25 APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................... 28 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................. 29 Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2020). 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Reports. Government Printers. Nairobi, Kenya ................................................................ 29 List of Tables Table 2.1 Kenyan Population by Religious affiliation ........................................................... 3 Table 3.1 FGDs and KII Completion Table ........................................................................ 12 Table 3.2 FGDs Data Disaggregation by Gender .............................................................. 13 Table 3.3 FGDs Data Disaggregation by Age.................................................................... 13 List of Figures Figure 2.1 Commentary on religion and politics; ................................................................... 4 Figure 3.1 Diagrammatic presentation of the approach and phases used in the study ....... 11 Figure 4.1 Potential Project Impacts .................................................................................. 16 Figure 4.2 Perception of areas of focus the Project should have ....................................... 17 Figure 4.3 Preferences on sources of information ............................................................. 18 Figure 4.4 Awareness of Religious literacy ........................................................................ 18 Figure 4.5 Safeguards ....................................................................................................... 19 Figure 4.6 Youth presentation on matters touching them ................................................... 24 Baseline study on knowledge gaps on religious literacy and constitutional rights in Kenya Submitted by ETC Consulting Limited ii List of Acronyms: AEA Association of Evangelicals in Africa ATR African Traditional Religions CIPK Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya CICC Coast Interfaith Council of Clerics Trust CIPK Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya EAK Evangelical Alliance of Kenya FCA Finn Church Aid FGD Focus Group Discussion HCK Hindu Council of Kenya IRK Islamic Relief Kenya IRCK Inter Religious Council of Kenya KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics KII Key Informant Interview MUHURI Muslim for Human Rights NCCK National Council of Churches of Kenya NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development NRTP Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers NGO Non-Governmental Organization OAIC Organization of African Instituted Churches RMP Religious Minority Project SUPKEM Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims WCRP World Conference on Religion for Peace WEA World Evangelical Alliance Baseline study on knowledge gaps on religious literacy and constitutional rights in Kenya Submitted by ETC Consulting Limited iii SUMMARY This is a summary of the baseline survey, “Gaps on religious literacy and constitutional rights, especially on freedom of religion and belief, within Kenya. This baseline study was conducted in six counties, including: Mombasa, Kilifi, Garissa, Mandera, Kwale and Nairobi, in order to inform the implementation of the Norwegian Agency for Development-funded consortium project, “’Religious minorities in Kenya: Overcoming divides, respecting rights.” (RMP). The project is led by Muslims for Human Rights (MUHURI) and implemented together with The Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers (NRTP), Islamic Relief Kenya (IRK), The Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims (SUPKEM) and Tangaza University. This two-year project seeks to overcome the human rights