521 as a disease of the blood. The bacilli are considered to exercise a certain influence upon the leucocytes in the blood-forming organs. These cells multiply, many of them entering into the blood in an imperfectly formed Carried all through the system by the blood, the microorganisms are retained in the spleen, glands, and medulla of bone. In the spleen is supposed to occur the fight between leucocytes and microbes (phagocytosis). far this is purely hypothetical remains to be seen before there can be general acceptance of opinion that the hyperplasia of the and other blood-forming organs is the result of the reaction of the indi­ vidual against the poison circulating in the blood. THREE CASES OF A UNCLASSIFIED AFFECTION RESEMBLING IN ITS GROSSER ASPECTS OBESITY, BUT ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIAL NERVOUS ADIPOSIS BY F. N. M.D., OF DISEASES OF NERVOUS IN THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL NEUROLOGIST TO THE HOSPITAL. AT the meeting of the American Neurological Association held in Washington in September, 1888, the writer reported an anomalous case found in the nervous wards of the Philadelphia Hospital, and as it was not possible to classify the condition found, the description was prefaced by the title, Subcutaneous Connective-tissue Dystrophy of the Arms and Back associated with Symptoms resembling Myxcedema." Sub­ sequently the case was published in the Medical for December, 1888. Some two years later, another and apparently similar case was dis­ covered in the medical wards of the Philadelphia Hospital, and was reported at a meeting of the Philadelphia Neurological Society in December, 1890, by Dr. Frederick P. Henry. It was described as a case of dystrophy and afterward published in the Nervous and Mental Disease for March, 1891. Dr. Henry stated that he adopted the term dystrophy in order to bring case the same category with the very similar reported by the writer. In October, a third case, resembling the others, made its appear­ ance in the nervous wards of This will presently be detailed, but before doing so let us review, as briefly as possible, the previous cases, in order that three may be considered together. Read the meeting of the American York, June, 522 ADIPOSIS DOLOROSA. described by the writer, as stated, in 1888. History in abstract as follows M. aged fifty-one, female, widow, native of Ireland, domestic. Family Father died at forty-five, of erysipelas. Mother had eighteen died at forty from some complication incident to the menopause. Of brothers and sisters, seven died in early childhood, one 1. (CASE I.) 2. (CASE I.) in adult life, of a sister, in childbirth; a brother and two sisters, of while the remaining five are living and apparently in aver­ age health. None of the patient's relatives had ever as far as she knew, from symptoms similar to her own. No history of insanity, epilepsy, or other neurosis. Personal As a child, had measles, whooping cough, and scar­ let fever. Menstruated normally at fifteen. Married at eighteen. Some years after, had an attack of pneumonia but made a good recovery. ADIPOSIS DOLOROSA. 523 Had in all seven children and one miscarriage. Five children died in infancy or childhood, one from cholera infantum, two from measles, one from congestion of brain," and the from spasms." Meno­ pause set in abruptly at thirty-five. From this time up to within two or three years her health had continued good. She had undergone some increase weight, but beyond this nothing worthy of mention could be recalled. Syphilis and alcoholism denied. When forty-eight or forty-nine years of age noticed that her arms were becoming very large. The upper arms and shoulders appeared swollen. On some days the swelling seemed more decided than on others. It continued steadily to increase, and for about a year was unattended by any other symptom. In November, she was admitted to the surgical wards of the Philadelphia Hospital for the rupture of a varicose vein of the leg. the February she was transferred to the medical wards for a severe attack of bronchitis. Later she had an attack of severe pain and swelling in the right knee, attended by chill and fever. She was treated for rheumatism and promptly relieved. Two weeks after this she com­ plained of a sharp darting pain in the right arm. began on the outer aspect above the elbow, and gradually increased in severity and extent, spreading upward to shoulder and neck and downward to the fore­ arm and hand. It was different, she states, from the pain previously experienced in the knee. It was shooting and burning. She at times as though hot water were being poured upon the arm, and again as though the hand and fingers were being torn apart. rise in temperature was noted. The pain was often paroxysmal, being very much worse for hours and days at a time, but even during the intervals it was never altogether absent. On June 4, 1887, she was removed to the nervous wards, when she came under the writer's care. Her appearance this time was striking. She was a tall, large-framed woman who looked as though she had at one time presented a fine phys­ ical but she seemed unnaturally broad across the back and shoulders. On removing the clothing an enormous enlargement of these was disclosed. The enlargement affected both shoulders, the arms, the back, and the sides of the chest. It was most marked in the upper arms and back, forming there huge and somewhat pendulous masses. It was elastic, and yet comparatively firm to the touch, and it was impossible to produce pitting. In some situations it felt as though finely tabulated, and in others, especially on the insides of the arms, as though the flesh were filled with bundles of worms. The sensation to the fingers was very much like that experienced in examining a varicocele, except that the structures more resistant. The skin itself was evidently not thickened. It did not take any part in the swelling and it was not adherent to the subjacent tissues. It was slightly roughened over the forearms, less so on the arms, shoulders, and hands, while over the fin­ gers it was quite smooth and even glistening. Further, over the fore­ arms and hands it was slightly darkened, small brownish patches and minute epithelial scales being lastly, it was quite dry. The right arm was extremely painful on motion. The head, at this time, was also held in a fixed position for fear that movement of the neck would give rise to pain in the shoulder. In addition, the arm was also very sensitive to pressure. Pronounced pressure appeared to be absolutely unbearable. The nerve trunks also were exquisitely sensi- 524 ADIPOSIS DOLOROSA. tive, but painful condition was not by any means limited to them, but permeated the swollen tissues as a whole. In marked contrast to the right, the left arm could be handled with im­ punity. Transient pain was, however, at one time noted in the left wrist. The muscles were evidently not involved in the swelling. On grasp­ ing, for instance, the enlargement over the left biceps and directing the patient to flex and extend the arm repeatedly, the mass was felt to be unaffected by the movements of the underlying muscle. The affected parts were, however, quite weak. The grip of the right hand was nil, while that of the left was greatly diminished. Examined electrically, the muscles of the shoulders and arms yielded a partly because of the great resistance caused by the intervening tissue. Slight quantitative and qualitative changes were noted in the muscles of the forearms, while in the hands distinct reaction of degeneration was noted in the thenar and groups, more evident on the right side. Cutaneous sensibility was much diminished. On the right arm various areas existed in which no response whatever was given to They were large and irregular in shape and very sharply defined, and were present on both the inner and outer aspects. In the finger-tips of the same side the points could not be at all separated. In the left arm, on the other the response was prompt and accurate, except on the outer aspect of the forearm, where some delay and uncer­ tainty existed. In the finger-tips, also, sensation was decidedly below normal, the points being separated at not less than one-half or three- quarters of an inch. Sensibility to heat and cold was also diminished. Examining the legs, it was found that cutaneous sensibility was dis­ tinctly lessened on the right, while showing little or no impairment on the left. No enlargement was, however, noted at this time in any por­ tion of the body, save in the regions already mentioned. No swelling was found about the face. The latter was pale, as were also the mucous membranes. There was, however, a little color in the cheeks, more noticeable at times. Her features were well formed and intelligent. Her hair was dark and fine, and somewhat thin over the vertex. Her mind was unimpaired, except that at times she was much abstracted. Sometimes she gave conflicting answers to questions, so that the latter had often to be repeated. Her speech was not slowed or otherwise altered. At times she was irritable and quarrelsome, and frequently gave much trouble to her nurses. The above abstract fairly represents her condition at the time of her admission to the nervous wards. June 13th, ten days later, she had a chill, followed by fever and a painful herpetic eruption over the upper portion the left arm and the upper and anterior portion of the of the chest.