188 reMoVal of inTer-fiBrillar MaTerials 189 references 7.. Madhumathi,. M.,. Cheerla,. S.,. Saravanabhavan,. S.,. oPtImIzatIoN of ChamoIS leather Thanikaivelan,. P.,. Raghava. Rao,. J.,. Chandrababu,. N.K.. 1... Ludvik,.J.;.Study.on.the.scope.for.decrease.of.pollution. and.Nair,.B.U..Influencing.the.Activity.of.Enzymes.and. tanning using rubber Seed oIl load.in.leather.processing,.UNIDO.Report,.1997. Their. Kinetics:. Bioprocessing. of. Skin,. Appl. Biochem. by 2.. Ramasami,.T..and.Prasad,.B.G.S.;.Environmental.aspects. Biotechol..136,.265,.2007. ono suParno* of. leather. processing,. Proceedings. of. the. LEXPO. XV,. 8.. Madhan,. B.,. Rao,. J.R.. and. Nair,. B.U.;. Studies. on. the. Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Calcutta,.pp.43–71,.1991. removal. of. interfibrillary. materials. Part-I:. Removal. Darmaga Campus, PO. Box 220, Bogor 16002, Indonesia 3.. Thanikaivelan,.P.,.Rao,.J.R..and.Nair.B.U.;.Development. of. protein,. proteoglycan,. glycosoaminoglycans. from. of.a.leather.processing.method.in.narrow.pH.profile..Part. conventional. pre-tanning. process,. JALCA. 105 (5),. 1..Standardization.of.unhairing.process,.JSLTC,.84,.276,. 2010. AbstrAct resumen 2000. 9.. IUP.2.(2000).‘Sampling’,.J.Soc. Leather Tech. Chem.84,. 4.. Thanikaivelan,. P.,. Rao,. J.R.,. Nair,. B.U.. and. Ramasami. 303-309,.2000 Chamois.leather.is.a.popular.leather.article.in.the.market,.as.it. La.piel.de.gamuza.al.aceite.es.un.artículo.de.cuero.popular.en. T.;. Approach. towards. zero. discharge. tanning:. Role. of. 10.. IUP. 6. (2000). ‘Measurement. of. tensile. strength. and. has.unique.uses.for.filtration,.cleaning.and.drying..It.can.be. el.mercado,.ya.que.tiene.aplicaciones.únicas.para.la.filtración,. concentration.on.the.development.of.eco–friendly.liming– percentage. elongation’,. J.Soc. Leather Tech. Chem.84,. produced.by.a.chamois.tanning.process.using.rubber.seed.oil.. la.limpieza.y.el.secado..Puede.ser.producida.tambien.por.un. reliming.processes,.J. Clean. Prod..11,.79,.2003. 310-327,.2000 Optimum.condition.for.the.tanning.needs.to.be.applied.in. proceso.de.curtido.de.gamuza.con.aceite.de.semillas.del. 5.. Saravanabhavan,.S.,.Aravindhan,.R.,.Thanikaivelan,.P.,.Rao,. 11. J.Soc. Leather Tech. Chem.,.Vol..84,.pp.317-321. order.to.obtain.good.quality.leather.and.to.produce.the.leather. caucho..Condiciones.óptimas.para.el.curtido.deben.aplicarse.a. J.R. and.Nair,.B.U.;.Green.Solution.for.Tannery.Pollution:. 12.. IUP.8.(2000).‘Measurement.of.tear.load.–.Double.edge. efficiently..In.this.research,.optimizations.of.rubber.seed.oil. fin.de.obtener.un.cuero.de.buena.calidad.y.para.producir.el. Effect.of.Enzyme.Based.Lime-free.Unhairing.and.Fiber. tear’,.J.Soc. Leather Tech. Chem..84,.327-329,.2000 offer.and.oxidation.time.in.chamois.tanning.were.investigated.. cuero.de.manera.eficiente..En.este.estudio,.la.optimización.en. Opening.in.Combination.with.Pickle-free.Chrome.Tanning. 13.. SLP. 9(IUP. 9). (1996). ‘Measurement. of. distension. and. The.objectives.of.the.research.were.to.determine.the.optimum. la.oferta.del.aceite.de.semillas.del.caucho.y.el.tiempo.de. Green Chem.,.5,.707,.2003. strength.of.grain.by.the.ball.burst.test’,.Official.Methods. condition. of. rubber. seed. oil. offer. and. oxidation. time. for. oxidación.en.el.curtido.de.la.gamuza.fueron.investigados..Los. 6.. Thanikaivelan,.P.,.Raghava.Rao,.J.,.Nair,.B.U..and.Ramasami,. of. Analysis,. The. society. of. leather. technologies. and. tanning.process..The.experiment.was.conducted.by.tanning.of. objetivos.de.la.investigación.fueron.determinar.las.condiciones. T.;.Progress.and.recent.trends.in.biotechnological.methods. chemists,.Northampton.. goat.pickle.pelt.using.10,.20,.and.30%.of.rubber.seed.oil.for.5,. óptimas.de.oferta.del.aceite.de.semillas.del.caucho.y.el.tiempo. for.leather.processing,.Trends in Biotech.,.22,.181,.2004. 7,.and.9.days.of.oxidation.times..The.chemical,.physical,.and. de.oxidación.para.el.proceso.de.curtido..El.experimento.fue. organoleptic. properties. of. the. oil. tanned. leather. were. realizado.curtiendo.una.piel.piquelada.de.cabra.con.10,.20,.y. measured..This.study.shows.that.the.chemical,.physical,.and. 30%.de.aceite.de.semillas.del.caucho.en.5,.7.y.9.días.como. organoleptic. properties. of. rubber. seed. oil. tanned. leather. tiempo.de.oxidación..Las.propiedades.químicas,.físicas,.y. fulfilled.the.quality.requirements.for.the.chamois.leather..The. organolépticas.del.cuero.curtido.al.aceite.fueron.medidas..Este. optimum.conditions.for.the.tanning.were.an.oil.offer.of.20%. estudio. muestra. que. las. propiedades. químicas,. físicas. y. and.oxidation.time.of.9.days..The.chemical.properties.of.the. organolépticas.del.cuero.curtido.con.aceite.de.semillas.del. leathers.were.pH.of.8,.ash.content.of.1.1%,.and.oil.content.of. caucho. cumplen. los. requisitos. de. calidad. para. la. piel. de. 6%.. Their. physical. properties. were. thickness. of. 0.8. mm,. gamuza.al.aceite..Las.condiciones.óptimas.para.el.curtido. tensile.strength.of.21.3.N/mm2,.elongation.at.break.of.148%,. fueron.una.oferta.de.aceite.del.20%.y.el.tiempo.de.oxidación. tear.strength.of.90.N/mm,.and.water.absorption.of.271%.(2. de.9.días..Las.propiedades.químicas.de.los.cueros.fueron.pH. hours)..The.organoleptic.properties.of.the.leathers,.i.e..softness,. 8,.contenido.de.ceniza.de.1,1%,.y.el.contenido.de.grasas.de. color,.and.odor,.were.considered.good.to.excellent.. 6%..Sus.propiedades.físicas.mostraron.un.espesor.de.0,8.mm.,. resistencia.a.la.tracción.de.21,3.N/mm2,.elongación.a.la.rotura. de.148%,.resistencia.al.desgarro.de.90.N/mm,.y.la.absorción. de.agua.de.271%.(2.horas)..Las.propiedades.organolépticas.de. los.cueros,.es.decir,.la.suavidad,.el.color.y.olor,.se.considera.de. buena.a.excelente. *Author.e-mail:[email protected]. Manuscript.received.November.4,.2009,.accepted.for.publication.February.24,.2010 JALCA, VOL. 105, 2010 JALCA, VOL. 105, 2010 JALCA, VOL. 105, 2010 JALCA, VOL. 105, 2010 190 ruBBer seed oil for cHaMois ruBBer seed oil for cHaMois 191 IntroductIon The.rubber.seed.oil.used.in.the.experiment.was.one.type,.i.e.. a.liquid.material.extracted.from.rubber.(Hevea.brasiliensis). TAblE 1 Rubber. seed. oil. is. potential. to. be. used. in. production. of. seeds. The.seeds.were.sun.dried.for.3.days,.5.hours.each.day,. chamois.or.oil.tanned.leather.1.It.is.a.drying.oil.extracted.from. and.then.were.dried.in.an.oven.at.70.°C.for.1.hour...Oil.of.the. Procedure of chamois tanning using rubber seed oil rubber.(Hevea brasiliensis).seeds,.which.are.in.Indonesia,.one. rubber.seeds.was.extracted.by.using.a.hydraulic.press.at.65.°C.. of.the.biggest.natural.rubber.producers.in.the.world,.have.not. Viscosity.of.the.oil.was.67.3.centistokes.. Process Chemical Amount Duration Remark been.utilized.optimally..Their.utilization.for.the.chamois. Water 200% tanning.will.increase.added.value.of.the.seeds. Relugan.GT.50.is.50%.solutions.of.glutaraldehyde.used.as. Drum.at.8.rpm pretanning,.self-tanning.and.retanning.agent.for.all.types.of. pH adjustment Sodium.chloride 10% 10.mins Measure.pH.at.3.. and.oBe.at.8 Chamois.leather.has.specific.properties,.such.as.it.has.low. leather. The.product.is.manufactured.by.BASF..Eusapon.S. Formic.acid density,.excellent.softness.and.comfortable.2.Its.main.uses.are. (formerly.Amollan®.S).is.a.surface-active.wetting-back.and. Dilute.with.water.3.times as.washing.agent.with.advantages.of.high.water.absorption. degreasing.agent.for.leather.and.fur.skins..It.is.manufactured. Pretanning Relugan.GT50 1.5% 4.x.15.mins,.then.1.h Drum.at.12.rpm capacity.and.easy.release.the.water.and.dirt.from.the.leather.. by.BASF.. It.has.specific.uses,.such.as.in.high.quality.gasoline.filtration,. Sodium.formate. 1% 4.x.10.mins Dilute.with.water.20.times cleaning.and.drying.optical.equipment,.spectacles,.mirror,.and. Tanning Fixation Sodium.carbonate 1% Measure.pH.at.8 vehicles,.etc..Other.uses.are.for.the.production.of.gloves.and. The.tanning.process.consisted.of.pH.adjustment,.pretanning,. orthopedic. leather.3,4. The. leather. is. a. well. known. leather. oil.tanning,.oxidation,.washing,.staking,.toggling,.drying,.and. Drain article.in.the.market,3.since.the.leather.demand.in.the.global. buffing..Procedure.of.the.tanning.was.shown.in.Table.1.. Aging Overnight Cover.with.plastic. market.increases.steadily.5. Shaving Shave.both.sides leather analyses Nowadays,.conventional.oil.tanned.leather.is.produced.by. Chemical.properties,.i.e..pH,.ash.content,.and.oil.content,.were. Water 1000% 3.x.15.mins. 7 Washing using.fish.oil.as.its.tannage..Tanning.using.the.fish.oil.faces. measured.by.using.SLC.13,.SLC.6,.SLC.4,.respectively. .Physical. Drain odor.and.color.problems,.which.is.caused.by.oxidized.fish.oil. properties,.which.were.tensile.strength.and.elongation.at.break,. residue.attaching.on.the.chamois.leather..The.odor.cannot.be. tear.strength,.and.water.absorption,.were.analyzed.using.SLP.6,. Water 200% 7 10.mins Drum.at.8.rpm removed.completely.from.the.leather..Therefore,.to.overcome. SLP.7,.and.SLP.19,.respectively. .Organoleptic.properties,.i.e.. Sodium.carbonate 0.5% the.problem,.the.use.of.fish.oil.in.the.chamois.tanning.should. softness,.color.and.odor,.were.tested.by.two.experts.. Oil tanning Leave.overnight be.reduced.or.substituted.. Rubber.seed.oil 10,.20,.and.30% Drum.for.1.h Rubber. seed. oil. is. one. of. the. vegetable. oils. expected. to. results And dIscussIon Oxidation 5,.7,.and.9.days Hang.at.room.temperature substitute.fish.oil.in.the.tanning..The.oil.did.not.produce.high. Sodium.carbonate 3% intensities.of.odor.and.color.residues.on.the.leather.1,6.Its.iodine. Chemical properties value,.one.of.the.requirements.for.an.oil.tannage,.is.similar.