ANADROMOUS SALMONID PASSAGE FACILITY DESIGN NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE NORTHWEST REGION www.nwr.noaa.gov July 2011 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bryan Nordlund, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Hydraulic Engineer, is the primary author of this document. He was assisted by Larry Swenson, Hydraulic Engineer; Melissa Jundt, Hydraulic Engineer; Ed Meyer, Hydraulic Engineer; Scott Carlon, Fishery Biologist; and John Johnson, Hydraulic Engineer; all with NMFS. In addition, he was assisted by Steve Rainey, GEI Consultants, Inc. Reviews were provided by Denny Hudson, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Pat Powers and Tom Burns, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Ray Hartlerode, Tom Stahl, and Bernie Kepshire, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Lynn Stratton and Matt Hightree, Idaho Department of Fish and Game; and Ken Bates, Koszmo, Inc. Suggested changes, additions, or questions should be directed to Bryan Nordlund at [email protected] for consideration in updating this document. Assistance from NMFS fish passage specialists can be obtained by contacting the NMFS Northwest Region Hydropower Division at 503-230-5414. Suggested citation: NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2011. Anadromous Salmonid Passage Facility Design. NMFS, Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. NMFS Anadromous Salmonid Passage Facility Design July 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................. viii 1. DEFINITION OF TERMS................................................................................................... 12 2. PRELIMINARY DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ................................................................... 21 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Site Information ............................................................................................................. 21 2.3 Biological Information ................................................................................................... 22 2.4 Design Development Phases .......................................................................................... 23 3. DESIGN FLOW RANGE..................................................................................................... 24 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Design Low Flow for Fish Passage ............................................................................... 24 3.3 Design High Flow for Fish Passage ............................................................................... 25 3.4 Fish Passage Design for Flood Flows ............................................................................ 25 4. UPSTREAM ADULT FISH PASSAGE SYSTEMS .......................................................... 26 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 26 4.2 Fishway Entrance ........................................................................................................... 28 4.2.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 28 4.2.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 29 4.3 Auxiliary Water Systems ............................................................................................... 31 4.3.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 31 4.3.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – AWS Diffusers ........................................... 31 4.3.3 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – AWS Fine Trash Racks .............................. 32 4.3.4 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – AWS Screens .............................................. 32 4.3.5 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – AWS Flow Control ..................................... 32 4.3.6 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – AWS Excess Energy Dissipation ............... 33 4.4 Transport Channels ........................................................................................................ 34 4.4.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 34 4.4.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 34 4.5 Fish Ladder Design ........................................................................................................ 34 4.5.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 34 4.5.2 Types of Fish Ladders ........................................................................................ 34 4.5.3 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 42 4.6 Counting Stations ........................................................................................................... 43 4.6.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 43 4.6.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – Counting Stations ....................................... 44 4.6.3 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – Counting Window ...................................... 44 4.7 Fishway Exit Section ..................................................................................................... 45 4.7.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 45 4.7.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – Fishway Exit Section .................................. 45 i NMFS Anadromous Salmonid Passage Facility Design July 2011 4.8 Fishway Exit Sediment and Debris Management .......................................................... 46 4.8.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 46 4.8.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – Coarse Trash Rack ...................................... 46 4.8.3 Specific Criteria and Guidelines – Debris and Sediment................................... 47 4.9 Miscellaneous Considerations ....................................................................................... 48 4.9.1 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 48 4.10 Roughened Chutes ......................................................................................................... 48 4.10.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 48 4.10.2 Types of Roughened Chutes .............................................................................. 49 5. EXCLUSION BARRIERS ................................................................................................... 52 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 52 5.2 Types of Exclusion Barriers........................................................................................... 52 5.3 Picket Barriers ................................................................................................................ 53 5.3.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 53 5.3.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 53 5.4 Velocity Barrier ............................................................................................................. 54 5.4.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 54 5.4.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 55 5.5 Vertical Drop Structures ................................................................................................ 56 5.5.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 56 5.5.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 56 5.6 Horizontal Draft Tube Diffusers .................................................................................... 57 5.6.1 Description and Purpose .................................................................................... 57 5.6.2 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 57 6. ADULT FISH TRAPPING SYSTEMS ............................................................................... 58 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 58 6.2 Trap Design Scoping...................................................................................................... 59 6.3 Fish Handling ................................................................................................................. 59 6.3.1 Specific Criteria and Guidelines ........................................................................ 59 6.4 General Trap Design ...................................................................................................... 60 6.4.1 Specific Criteria and