Thesis Ref. No. ASSESSMENT OF POST SLAUGHTER HIDE AND SKIN DEFECTS AND MARKET ANALYSIS IN ARSI NEGELE AND SHASHEMENE WOREDAS, WEST ARSI, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE MSc.Thesis By Selamawit Terefe Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Animal Production Studies June, 2015 Bishoftu, Ethiopia i ASSESSMENT OF POST SLAUGHTER HIDE AND SKIN DEFECT AND MARKET ANALYSIS IN ARSI NEGELE AND SHASHEMENE WOREDA, WEST ARSI, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE A Thesis Submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Tropical Animal production and Health By Selamawit Terefe June, 2015 Bishoftu, Ethiopia ii Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture Department of Animal Production Studies As members of the Examining Board of the final MSc open defence, we certify that we have read and evaluated the Thesis prepared by Selamawit Terefe, titled “Assessm ent of Post Slaughter Hide and Skin Defect and Market Analysis in Arsi Negele and Shashemene Woreda, West Arsi Oromia Regional State” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirement for the degree of Masters of Science in Tropical Animal Production and Health. Dr Ashenafi Mengistu ______________ ________________ Chairman Signature Date Dr Alemu Yami _______________ ______________ External Examiner Signature Date Dr Gebeyehu Goshu _______________ ______________ Internal Examiner Signature Date Dr Tariku Jibat ______________ _______________ Major Advisor Signature Date Dr Getachew Terefe _______________ _______________ Co- Advisor Signature Date Professor Tesfu Kassa _______________ ________________ Co- Advisor Signature Date Professor Berhan Tamir _______________ _____________ Department chairperson Signature Date iii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to all my beloved families, to my Father Ato Terefe Getu, to my Mother w/ro Betelhem Albew and especially to my beloved Brother Biruk Terefe for his unreserved encouragement during my study and for their dedicated partnership in the success of my life. iv STATEMENT OF AUTHOR First, I declare that this thesis is my bonafide work and that all sources of material used for this thesis have been duly acknowledged. This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced (MSc) degree at Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture and is deposited at the University/College library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. I solemnly declare that this thesis is not submitted to any other institution anywhere for the award of any academic degree, diploma, or certificate. Name: Selamawit Terefe Signature: ______________ College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu Date of Submission: 15/06/2015 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Above all, I would like to provide thanks to the Almighty God for the blessing and supplying strength, believes, hope, patience and protection to me and my families throughout my life. First and foremost I would like to thank my advisor Dr.Getachew Terefe, in providing me the required materials, liaison me with the sponsoring project, offering helpful and constructive comments, guiding and encouraging me in all moments since the researc h proposal preparation. His comments on the survey instruments greatly helped me to come up with good and comprehensive data set for the thesis. Without exaggeration, the finalization of this thesis report would have been hardly possible without his guidance and heart full support. My thanks also go to Dr. Tariku jibat for his kindness, positive thinking, precious comments and suggestion during proposal development, data collection and thesis write-up. I am also thankful to Addis Ababa University for granting me a scholarship to study MSc education in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture. I would also like to acknowledge the Office of the Vice President for Research and Technology Transfer of Addis Ababa University for supporting my research work through the “HIDE AND SKIN QUALITY MANAGEMENT” thematic research project. Thanks are also presented to the Arsi Negele and Shashemene woreda hides and skins traders, producers and the key informants. I am extremely thankful to my friends Dr. Asheber Abraha, Dr Yonas Gizaw, Dr Moa Melaku, Dr Yodit Ayele, Ato Andualem Toman and Askale Gizaw in providing their precious advices and unreserved help. Finally a very special appreciation goes to my Father Ato Terefe Getu and my Mother w/o Betlehem Alebew, for their unreserved encouragement, patience and love during my study. Their special prayer helped me to have strength and endurance in my work. They are a source of my happiness and well-being. Thanks God for giving me such a brave family. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ viii LIST OF ANNEXS ................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... x 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Hide and Skin Definition……………………………………………………….4 2.2. Development of Hide and Skins………………………………………………..4 2.3. Hide and Skin Production in the World………………………………………...6 2.4. The Hides and Skins Sector in Ethiopia………………………………………..8 2.5. Hide and Skin Production in Ethiopia………………………………………...10 2.6.Types of Hide and Skin Production Systems in Ethiopia……………………...12 2.6.1. Traditional production system .................................................................... 12 2.6.2. Modern production system………………………………………………..12 2.7. Collection of Raw Hide and Skin……………………………………………..15 2.8. Quality of Hide and Skin……………………………………………………...16 2.9. Peri and Post Slaughter Hide and Skin Defects………………………………18 2.9.1. Slaughter defects………………………………………………………….18 2.9.2. Preservation and storage defects ............................................................... 20 2.9.3. Transportation defects ................................................................................ 20 2.10. Market Chain Analysis………………………………………………………21 2.10.1. The concept of marketing ......................................................................... 21 2.10.2. Marketing systems .................................................................................... 21 2.10.3. Marketing channels .................................................................................. 21 ii Table of contents (continued) 2.10.4. Hides and skins marketing ........................................................................ 22 2.10.5. Market structure ....................................................................................... 23 2.10.6. Marketing chain of hides and skins .......................................................... 23 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ......................................................................................... 25 3.1. Description of the Study Area………………………………………………...25 3.2. The Study Design……………………………………………………………..27 3.3. The Study Population…………………………………………………………27 3.4. Sample Size Determination…………………………………………………...27 3.5. Sampling Techniques…………………………………………………………28 3.6. Method of Data Collection and Sources of Data……………………………...30 3.6.1. Questionnaire survey .................................................................................. 30 3.6.2. Gross examination of hide and skins .......................................................... 30 3.6.3. Measurement of hides and skins ................................................................. 31 3.6.4. Direct observation ...................................................................................... 31 3.7. Data Analysis………………………………………………………………….31 4. RESULTS ............................................................................................................................ 32 4.1. Characteristics of Study Participants………………………………………….32 4.2. Livestock Ownership………………………………………………………….33 4.3. Perception and Practices of Study Participants……………………………….34 4.3.1. Purpose of hide and skin after slaughter…………………………………34 4.3.2. Domestic use of hide and skin by house hold producers ............................ 34 4.3.3. Perception on major criteria for quality of sheep and goat skin................ 35 4.3.4. Perception on Major criteria used for quality of cattle hides .................... 37 4.3.5. Slaughtering practice ................................................................................. 39 4.3.6. Major hide and skin management problems reported to occur during slaughtering .........................................................................................................