DYLAN REVIEW, SUMMER 2020 MASTHEAD CO-EDITORS Raphael Falco, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Paul Haney, University of Massachusetts, Boston Lisa O'Neill Sanders, Founder DR, Saint Peter's University Shelby Nathanson, Digital Editor Nicole Font, Assistant to the Editors EDITORIAL BOARD Mitch Blank, New York City Michael Gilmour, Providence University College (Canada) Nina Goss, Fordham University Charles O. Hartman, Connecticut College Jonathan Hodgers, Trinity College, Dublin Robert Reginio, Alfred University Christopher Rollason, Luxembourg Richard Thomas, Harvard University Dylan Review 2.1 (Summer 2020) DYLAN REVIEW, SUMMER 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS SPECIAL TOPIC: CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS………………….……………………………..2 REVIEWS Charles O. Hartman, Rough and Rowdy Ways: Containing History….………....3 John Hunt and Tim Hunt, Travelin’ Thru ...…………………..……………………....16 THE DYLANISTA………………………………………………………………………………28 ARTICLES Richard F. Thomas, “And I Crossed the Rubicon”: Another Classical Dylan....35 Graley Herren, Young Goodman Dylan: Chronicles at the Crossroads..……..65 SONG CORNER Anne Margaret Daniel, “Murder Most Foul”….…………………………………….83 INTERVIEWS Mark Davidson…………………………………………………………………………... 95 LETTERS………………………………………………………………………………….…...106 CONTRIBUTORS…………………………………………………………………….………107 BOOKS RECEIVED………………………………………………………………………….109 BOB DYLAN LYRICS, COPYRIGHT INFORMATION……………………………………110 1 Dylan Review 2.1 (Summer 2020) SPECIAL TOPIC: CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS THE COPS DON’T NEED YOU AND MAN THEY EXPECT THE SAME For the next issue of the Dylan Review, Winter 2.2, the Editors invite articles and Song Corner essays on the special topic of political authority and race in Dylan’s work. Up on Housing Project Hill It’s either fortune or fame You must pick one or the other Though neither of them are to be what they claim If you’re lookin’ to get silly You better go back to from where you came Because the cops don’t need you And man they expect the same This familiar stanza from “Just Like Tom Thumb’s Blues” sets the tenor for the Editors’ special topic. But we hope to receive contributions ranging across the decades, from “The Death of Emmett Till” and “Only a Pawn in Their Game” to “Cold Irons Bound,” and from Infidels or “Love and Theft“ to “Drifter’s Escape” and “Pretty Boy Floyd.” The Dylan Review Winter Issue 2.2 will be available online in December 2020. The deadline for contributions to the special topic is October 15. 2 Dylan Review 2.1 (Summer 2020) REVIEWS Bob Dylan. Rough and Rowdy Ways. Columbia Records, 2020 REVIEW BY Charles O. Hartman, Connecticut College Containing History The cover art on Dylan’s Rough and Rowdy Ways shows couples dressed in sharp 50s style dancing nearly in the dark, but illuminated by Lost Ark beams from a jukebox, over which a lone man leans. Perhaps the record player offers Jimmie Rodgers’s “My Rough and Rowdy Ways,” perhaps also Waylon Jennings’s “My Rough and Rowdy Days.” The lone man is surely Dylan, our jukebox of American music, and the magic chest surely contains all the many dozen recordings alluded to in the album’s lyrics. An NPR review of “Murder Most Foul”—the long single released on March 27, three months before the album—lists 74 references, and more are strewn through the whole album. Dylan has always said that songs, in particular American folk songs (very broadly defined), constitute his path to truth. In a 1997 interview: “I find the religiosity and philosophy in the music. … Songs like ‘Let Me Rest on a Peaceful Mountain’ or ‘I Saw the Light’—that’s my religion.”1 Unsurprisingly—it is the first collection of songs written and recorded by Bob Dylan in eight years (since, among things, his Nobel Prize in Literature)—Rough and Rowdy Ways received well over a dozen reviews before it was released on June 19, including two with identical subtitles, “arguably his grandest poetic statement yet.” Many reviewers dwelt on the lyrics’ allusiveness, which began to be an issue for Dylan’s fans and critics around the time of “Love and Theft” (2001), when he was discovered to have lifted some lines from Junichi Saga’s Confessions of a Yakuza. (Saga declared himself flattered.) The fact that he had frankly taken that album’s title—the quotation marks are meant—from Eric Lott’s critical book on minstrelsy (1993) should have deepened and clarified the question, but controversy continued at least through Modern Times (2006), with its extensive 1 David Gates, “Dylan Revisited,” Newsweek, October 5, 1997. 3 Dylan Review 2.1 (Summer 2020) borrowings from Ovid’s Black Sea Letters (Peter Green’s translation) and the poems of Henry Timrod. Though the Nobel may have removed the racy thrill from debates about “the folk tradition,” appropriation, and so on, it’s still a tempting sensation to drag out for a review. In fact, we know perfectly well how to tell homage from plagiarism: if the writer wants us not to recognize the source, it’s cheating. If, instead, Dylan means us to hear the original through his re- contextualization, the echo always signifies something: at least a tribute that he may hope will lead us back to the source (Saga’s sales soared), and perhaps a transformation of the transplanted material. This distinction is simple enough, but applying it can get complicated. It depends on how probable the author’s guess is about the audience’s knowledge. As anyone who has taught college in recent decades has seen, the cultural continuities that made such guesses reliable a century ago have so expanded, contracted, and shifted that classroom synapses misfire all the time. From Dylan’s point of view, the real problem is our ignorance of the American heritage of song. To him, Memphis Minnie’s “Chauffeur Blues” (from which he or his band took the riff between stanzas on “Obviously Five Believers” on Blonde on Blonde back in 1966), and Billy “The Kid” Emerson’s “If Lovin’ Is Believing” (1954), of which “False Prophet” on the new album is a thorough contrafactum,2 are both staples, no more obscure than George Herbert’s “Prayer (II)” or the opening sentence of Pride and Prejudice. Perhaps not many people recognized the musical provenance of “False Prophet” when it was released as a third single; but within minutes the awareness permeated the Internet, the Overmind that would make any attempt by Dylan to hide his sources absurd. Mesmerized for half a century by Dylan’s words, we might half-forget that Rough and Rowdy Ways is, after all, or before all, an album of music. To talk about its effects and achievements entails, among other things, talking about the band that Dylan is fronting—largely his touring band of recent years. In turn, in order to 2 Hartman, “Contrafactum: The Career of a Song,” Yale Review, 2007. 4 Dylan Review 2.1 (Summer 2020) talk precisely about Dylan’s band, it is worth beginning with the lyric and harmonic structure of the third track, “My Own Version of You.” It’s a knowingly odd song, at once B-movie ghoulish, ardent, and hilarious. Its title sounds almost like a parodic answer to denunciations of Dylan’s songs on the ground that his protagonist is always trying to remake his female addressee into someone more suitable to his tastes—“someone who feels the way that I feel.” (Songs like “Sweetheart Like You” seem to support this position. A counterargument begins from “All I Really Want to Do” and the adoption of “It Ain’t Me, Babe” as the title of the first feminist collective of cartoonists in 1970.) In the new song, he proposes to assemble a living being from spare parts, a spoof on Frankenstein, but also an echo of the dismemberment of Osiris and his resurrection by his wife, (wait for it!) Isis3. The camp luridness of the lyrics is highlighted by the musical background. It begins with a riff that will continue throughout, with variations. A minor chord (C#m), sustained by pedal steel guitar, is embellished by an almost equally sustained electric guitar’s descending sequence of “color tones”: minor seventh, sixth, flat sixth. This chromatic series, warping the basically diatonic regime of folk and rock music, establishes the song’s creepy vibe. (Pedal steel always has a banshee quality.) After a four-bar A-strain on this pattern, repeated, we get—as we would expect in the AABA structures alluded to frequently on Dylan albums since Highway 61 Revisited4—a B-strain that largely replicates the A-strain pattern, but in the subdominant, F# minor (with some harmonically clever alterations). The C# minor A-strain then reappears, but the color-tone overlay has changed: the top notes now are major 7th, minor 7th, 6th. Neither of these sequences, the A- strain nor this altered A’ strain, would be very surprising in jazz (and Dylan reuses the A’ progression in the bridges of “I Contain Multitudes”), but setting the two next to each other is unusual and intrigues the ear. In the song’s first stanza, this 3 An early essay by Ezra Pound on his poetics is called “I Gather the Limbs of Osiris” (1911). 4 Hartman, “Dylan’s Bridges,” New Literary History, 2015. 5 Dylan Review 2.1 (Summer 2020) AABA’ is followed by a contrasting C-strain that insists on a suspenseful A7 for seven bars, before returning to C#m with its original overlay of color tones. So far, this is a chord structure only a bit more complex than was typical of Dylan’s songs before his long venture into the jazz-and-show-tunes Great American Songbook associated with Frank Sinatra (Shadows in the Night [2015], Fallen Angels [2016], and Triplicate [2017]). But “My Own Version of You” adds another, characteristically expansive layer to the AABA structure native to that repertoire.