The Journal of Raptor Research Volume 36 Number 2 June 2002 Published by he Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. THE RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. (Founded 1966) OFFICERS PRESIDENT; Brian A. Millsap SECRETARY: Judy Henckfi, VICE-PRESIDENT: Keith L. Bildstein TREASURER: Jim Fitzpatrick BOARD OF DIRECTORS NORTH AMERICAN DIRECTOR #1: INTERNATIONAL DIRECTOR #3: Phiup Detrich Beatriz Arroyo NORTH AMERICAN DIRECTOR #2: DIRECTOR AT LARGE #1: Jemima ParryJonea Taurie J. Goodrich DIRECTOR AT LARGE #2: Petra Bohai.l Wood NORTH AMERICAN DIRECTOR #3: DIRECTOR AT LARGE #3: Michaei. W. Coi lopy Jeff P. Smith DIRECTOR AT LARGE #4; Caroc. McIntyre INTERNATIONA!, DIRECTOR #1: DIRECTOR AT LARGE #5: Robert N. Rosenfield Eduardo Inigo-Exjas INTERNATIONA!, DIRECTOR #2: Ricardo Rodriquez-Esfrella EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR: James C. Bednarz, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 599, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467 U.S.A. ASSOCIATE EDITORS James R. Belthoff Marco Restani Clint W. Boat Ian G. Warkentin Joan L. Morrison Troy I. Wellicome Juan Jose Negro BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Jeffrey S. Marks, Montana Cooperative Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 U.S.A. SPANISH EDITOR: Cesar Marquez Reyes, Instituto Humboldt, Colombia, AA. 094766, Bogota 8, Colombia EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS: Rf.rfcca S. Maul, Allison Fowi er, Joan Clark The Journal of Raptor Research is distributed quarterly to all current members. Original manuscripts dealing with the biology and conservation of diurnal and nocturnal birds of prey are welcomed from throughout the world, but must be written in English. Submissions can be in the form of research articles, short communications, letters to the editor, and book reviews. Contributors should submit a typewritten original and three copies to the Editor. All submissions must be typewritten and double-spaced on one side of 216 X 278 mm (8% X 11 in.) or standard international, white, bond paper, with 25 mm (1 in.) mar- gins. The cover page should contain a title, the author’s full name(s) and address (es). Name and address should be centered on the cover page. If the current address is different, indicate this via a footnote. A short version of the title, not exceeding 35 characters, should be provided for a running head. An abstract of about 250 words should accompany all research articles on a separate page. Tables, one to a page, should be double-spaced throughout and be assigned consecutive Arabic numer- als. Collect all figure legends on a separate page. Each illustration should be centered on a single page and be no smaller than final size and no larger than twice final size. The name of the author(s) and figure number, assigned consecutively using Arabic numerals, should be pencilled on the back of each figure. Names for birds should follow the A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds (7th ed., 1998) or another authoritative source for other regions. Subspecific identification should be cited only when pertinent to the material presented. Metric units should be used for all measurements. Use the 24-hour clock (e.g., 0830 H and 2030 H) and “continental” dating (e.g., 1 January 1999). Refer to a recent issue of the journal for details in format. Explicit instructions and publication policy are outlined in “Information for contributors,”/. Raptor Res., Vol. 35(4), and are available from the editor. Submit manuscripts to J. Bednarz at the address listed above. COVER: Osprey {Pandion haliaetus). Painting by Gib Pulley, P.O. Box 430, Grimstead, VA 23064; e-mail address; [email protected] Contents An Urban Osprey Population Established by Translocation. Mark s. Marteii Judy Voigt Englund, and Harrison B. Tordoff 91 Breeding Grounds, Winter Ranges, and Migratory Routes of Raptors in the Mountain West. Stephen W. HoffmanJeff P. Smith, and Timothy D. Meehan 97 Circuitous Autumn Migration in the Short-toed Eagle ( Circaetus gallicus) . Nicolantonio Agostini, Luca Baghino, Charles Coleiro, Ferdinando Corbi, and Guido Premuda Ill Spring Migration of Adult and Immature Buzzards {Buteo buteo) through Elat, Israel; Timing and Body Size. Reuven Yosef, Piotr Tryjanowski, and Keith L. Bildstein 115 Provisioning Rates and Time Budgets of Adult and Nestling Bald Eagles AT Inland Wisconsin Nests. D. Keith Wamke, David E. Andersen, Cheryl R. Dykstra, Michael W. Meyer, and William H. Karasov 121 A Line Transect Survey of Wintering Raptors in the Western Po Plain of Northern Italy. Giovanni Boano and Roberto Toffoli 128 Short Communications Bald Eagle Reproductive Performance Following Video Camera Placement. Cheryl R. Dykstra, Michael W. Meyer, and D. Keith Warnke 136 Absence of Blood Parasites in Nestlings of the Eleonora’s Falcon {Falco eleonorae) . Alejandro Martinez-Abrain and Gerardo Urios 139 PossiBiL Choking Mortalities of Adult Northern Goshawks. Thomas D. Bloxton, Audi Rogers, Michael F. Ingraldi, Steve Rosenstock, John M. Marzluff, and Sean P. Finn 141 Exhumation of Food by Turkey Vulture. Harvey R. Smith, Richard M. DeGraaf, and Richard S. Miller 144 Bats as Prey of Barn Owls ( Tyto alba) in a Tropical Savanna in Bolivia. Julieta Vargas, Carlos LandaetaA., and Javier A. Simonetti 146 Food of the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) in its Winter Quarters in South Africa. Grzegorz Kopij 148 Red-shouldered Hawk Feeds on Carrion. Bill Pranty 152 Letters First Replacement Clutch by a Polyandrous Trio of Bearded Vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) in the Spanish Pyrenees. Antoni Margalida and Joan Bertran 154 Mississippi Kites Use Swallow-tailed Kite Nests. Jennifer O. Coulson 155 Erratum 157 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. gratefully acknowledges funds and logistical support provided by Arkansas State University to assist in the publication of the journal. J Raptor Res. 36(2):91-96 © 2002 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. AN URBAN OSPREY POPULATION ESTABLISHED BY TRANSLOCATION Mark S. Martell^ The Raptor Center at the University of Minnesota, 1920 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108 U.S.A. Judy Voigt Englund Hennepin Parks, 3800 Co. Rd. 24, Maple Plain, MN 55359 U.S.A. Harrison B. Tordoff Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 U.S.A. Abstract.—We evaluated the success of an Osprey {Pandion haliaetus) translocation program which released, by hacking, 143 juveniles into the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota area from 1984-95. All of the released, and 80% of 194 wild-fledged birds, were banded and color-marked as nestlings. The first nesting attempt occurred in 1986 and the first successful nest was in 1988. By the end of the 2000 nesting season, we had documented 131 nesting attempts, 90 (69%) of which were successful. The greatest number of occupied sites in any year (19) was in 2000, while the most productive .sites docu- mented in any year (13) was in 1999. From 1987-2000, 194 wild-fledged chicks were produced in the Twin Cities area. Mean number of young fledged per occupied nest during this period was 1.57 (range = 0-2.3) and mean number of young fledged per successful nest was 2-17 (range = 1-2.7). Overall nest success was 69% with a small number of sites and individuals responsible for a disproportionate number of fledglings. Released birds were more likely to return to nest than wild-fledged birds, and more males than females returned to nest. Mean female dispersal distance (384 km) was greater than that of males (27 km). We conclude that this translocation was successful and with proper management this population will remain stable or continue to grow. Key Words; Osprey, Pandion haliaetus; productivity, translocation', urban wildlife, Minnesota. Una poblacion urbana de aguilas pescadoras establecidas su traslado Resumen.—Evaluamos el exito de un programa del traslado de aguilas pescadoras {Pandion haliaetus) el cual libero, 143 juveniles dentro de Minneapolis-St. Paul, area de Minnesota de 1984—95. Todos los liberados, y 80% de las 194 aves volantonas, fueron anilladas y marcadas con color cuando eran pollue- los. El primer intento de anidacion ocurrio en 1986 y el primer nido exitoso fue en 1988. Para el final de la temporada de anidacion del 2000, hemos documentado 131 intentos de anidacion, 90 (69%) de los cuales tuvieron exito. El numero mas grande de sitios ocupados en cualquier ano (19) fue en el 2000, mientras que la mayoria de sitios productivos documentados en cualquier ano (13) fue en 1999. De 1987-2000, 194 polluelos emplumados en vida silvestre fueron producidos en 1 area de las ciudades gemelas. El numero promedio de juveniles emplumados por nido ocupado durante este periodo fue 1.57 (rango = 0-2.3) y el numero promedio de juveniles emplumados por nido exitoso fue 2.17 (range = 1-2.7). En conjunto el exito de anidacion fue 69% con un pequeno numero de sitios e individuos responsables de un numero desproporcionado de volantones. Las aves liberadas probablemente retor- naron mas al nido que las aves emplumadas en vida silvestre, y retornaron al nido mas machos que hembras. La distancia media de dispersion de las hembras (384 km) fue mas grande que la de los machos (27 km). Concluimos que este traslado fue exitos y con un manejo adecuado esta poblacion permanecera estable continuara creciendo. [Traduccion de Cesar Marquez] Translocation, the movement of eggs, young, or has become a widely used conservation manage- adults from a wild population to a new location, ment tool for many species of wildlife. Recently, Cade (2000) reviewed 52 translocation projects in- ^ E-mail address: [email protected] volving 25 species of diurnal birds of prey. Osprey 91 92 Martell et al. VoL. 36, No. 2 (Pandion haliaetus) translocations have been suc- phanumeric coded-color band. We also banded and col- or-marked six nesting adults. More than 30 nest plat- cessful in Pennsylvania (Rymon 1989), Tennessee forms were erected in the area, some under our Carolina (Hammer and Hatcher 1983), and North direction, others independently.