Volume 18 The Federalist Society Review fedsoc.org When a Pastor’s House Net Neutrality Without Is a Church Home: Why the FCC?: Why the FTC the Parsonage Allowance Can Regulate Broadband Is Desirable Under the Effectively Establishment Clause — Roslyn Layton & Tom Struble — Hannah C. Smith & Daniel Benson Blaine Amendments and Lions Under the Bureaucracy: the Unconstitutionality of Defending Judicial Deference Excluding Religious Options to the Administrative State from School Choice Programs — Evan Bernick, reviewing Law’s — Erica Smith Abnegation, by Adrian Vermeule Morally Innocent, Legally A Modest Proposal for the Guilty: The Case for Mens Reduction of the Size of the Rea Reform Federal Judiciary by Two-Thirds — John G. Malcolm — Brian M. Cogan The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies Directors & Officers Letter from the Editor Steven G. Calabresi, Chairman Hon. David M. McIntosh, Vice Chairman Gary Lawson, Secretary Brent O. Hatch, Treasurer T. Kenneth Cribb C. Boyden Gray Dear Friend, Leonard A. Leo, Executive Vice President Edwin Meese, III Eugene B. Meyer, President Michael B. Mukasey THE FEDERALIST SOCIETY REVIEW is Lee Liberman Otis, Senior Vice President Prof. Nicholas Quinn Rosenkranz the legal journal produced by the Board of Visitors Mr. Christopher DeMuth, Co-Chairman Hon. Orrin G. Hatch, Co-Chairman Federalist Society’s Practice Groups. Prof. Lillian BeVier George T. Conway III The REVIEW was formerly known as Hon. Lois Haight Herrington Hon. Donald Paul Hodel Hon. Frank Keating, II ENGAGE, and although the name has Hon. Gale Norton Hon. Theodore B. Olson changed, it still features top-notch Mr. Andrew J. Redleaf Hon. Wm. Bradford Reynolds Ms. Diana Davis Spencer scholarship on important legal and Theodore W. Ullyot Staff public policy issues from some of the President Eugene B. Meyer best legal minds in the country. Executive Vice President Leonard A. Leo Senior Vice President & Director of Faculty Division Lee Liberman Otis REVIEW articles are published thanks Student Division Peter Redpath, Vice President, Director to the hard work of our fifteen Practice Austin Lipari, Deputy Director Kate Alcantara, Associate Director Jennifer DeMarco, Assistant Director Group Executive Committees and Lawyers Chapters Lisa Budzynski Ezell, Vice President, Director authors who volunteer their time Sarah Landeene, Associate Director Katherine Fugate, Assistant Director and expertise. The REVIEW seeks to Faculty Division Anthony Deardurff, Deputy Director Jennifer Weinberg, Associate Director contribute to the marketplace of ideas Brigid Flaherty, Assistant Director Practice Groups in a way that is collegial, accessible, Dean Reuter, Vice President, Director Laura Flint, Deputy Director Wesley Hodges, Associate Director intelligent, and original. Articles and Micah Wallen, Assistant Director Regulatory Transparency Project full issues are available at fedsoc.org Devon Westhill, Director Curtis Walter, Project Coordinator Colton Graub, Project Assistant and through the Westlaw database. Article I Initiative Nathan Kaczmarek, Director Development We hope that readers enjoy the Cynthia Searcy, Vice President, Director Alexander Biermann, Assistant Director articles and come away with new Anna Wunderlich, Grants Administrator External Relations Jonathan Bunch, Vice President, Director information and fresh insights. Peter Bisbee, Deputy Director Elizabeth Cirri, Assistant Director Please send us any suggestions and International Affairs James P. Kelly, III, Director Paul Zimmerman, Deputy Director responses at [email protected]. Membership & Alumni Relations Paige Williams, Director Samuel Winkler, Coordinator Digital Sincerely, Daniel T. Richards, Director of Digital Strategy Matt Wood, Director of Film & Photography Samantha Schroeder, Deputy Director of Digital Production Alex Yershov, Assistant Director of Digital Production Administration & Others Katie McClendon Douglas C. Ubben, Vice President, Director of Finance C. David Smith, Vice President & Director of IT Maria Marshall, Director of Operations for the Exec. VP Director of Publications Amy Harper, Assistant Director of Finance Shiza Francis, Assistant Director for the Exec. VP Rhonda Moaland, Office Manager Juli Nix, Director of Conferences Peggy Little, Director of the Pro Bono Center Katie McClendon, Director of Publications The Federalist Society Review Volume 18 2017 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW & REGUlaTION The Risks of Regulating in the Dark by Sofie E. Miller ....................................................................................................................................................................................4 Gloucester County School Board v. G.G.: Judicial Overdeference Is Still a Massive Problem by Ilya Shapiro & David McDonald ........................................................................................................................................................8 CIVIL RIGHTS Bottleneckers: The Origins of Occupational Licensing and What Can Be Done About Its Excesses by Dick M. Carpenter II .......................................................................................................................................................................14 Federal Special Education Law and State School Choice Programs by Nat Malkus & Tim Keller .................................................................................................................................................................22 CRIMINAL LAW & PROCEDURE Luis v. United States: The Distinction That Makes All the Difference by Dean Mazzone .................................................................................................................................................................................34 Morally Innocent, Legally Guilty: The Case for Mens Rea Reform by John G. Malcolm ..............................................................................................................................................................................40 FEDERALISM & SEpaRATION OF POWERS Forgotten Cases: Worthen v. Thomas and the Contract Clause by David F. Forte ..................................................................................................................................................................................48 Christie v. NCAA: Anticommandeering or Bust by Jonathan Wood & Ilya Shapiro ..........................................................................................................................................................56 FREE SPEECH & ELECTION LAW Helping Americans to Speak Freely by Jeremy B. Rosen and Felix Shafir .......................................................................................................................................................62 New Applications of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act to Vote Denial Cases by Maya Noronha .................................................................................................................................................................................72 INTERNATIONAL & NATIONAL SECURITY LAW Presidential Nominees and Foreign Influence: Mitigating National Security Risks by Sean M. Bigley .................................................................................................................................................................................76 LABOR & EMPLOYMENT Beyond the Red-Blue Divide: An Overview of Current Trends in State Non-Compete Law by J. Gregory Grisham ...........................................................................................................................................................................82 RELIGIOUS LIBERTIES Blaine Amendments and the Unconstitutionality of Excluding Religious Options From School Choice Programs by Erica Smith ......................................................................................................................................................................................88 When a Pastor’s House Is a Church Home: Why the Parsonage Allowance Is Desirable Under the Establishment Clause by Hannah C. Smith & Daniel Benson ................................................................................................................................................100 TELECOMMUNICATIONS & ELECTRONIC MEDIA The FCC: Death to the Set-Top Box! Long Live the Set-Top Box...or is it Apps? by Alex Okuliar ..................................................................................................................................................................................112 How to Regulate the Internet by Kathleen Q. Abernathy ...................................................................................................................................................................118 Net Neutrality Without the FCC?: Why the FTC Can Regulate Broadband Effectively by Roslyn Layton & Tom Struble ..........................................................................................................................................................124 BOOK REVIEWS Lions Under the Bureaucracy: Defending Judicial Deference to the Administrative State by Evan Bernick, reviewing Law’s Abnegation, by Adrian Vermeule ......................................................................................................132 Professionals, Amateurs, and Rape: How Colleges Are Failing Their Students by Paul J. Larkin, Jr., reviewing The Campus Rape Frenzy, by KC Johnson & Stuart Taylor, Jr. ............................................................148