Feasibility Study, ESIA and Detailed Engineering Design for Dualling of ESIA Consultant (Firm of Experts) Mombasa – Mariakani (A109) Road Aquaclean Services Limited (Reg. No. 1899) CLIENT: Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) PROJECT TITLE: Feasibility Study, ESIA and Detailed Engineering Design for Dualling of Mombasa – Mariakani (A109) Road Lead Design Consultant: AECOM RoA (PYT) Ltd. and CAPE CONSULT Firm of Experts: Aquaclean Services Limited (NEMA Reg. No. 1899) ESIA Team Leader/Lead Expert: Harrison W. Ngirigacha (NEMA Reg. No. 027) AECOM Project No: JO2028 Report Title: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Study Report Date of this Issue: August 2014 Harrison W. Ngirigacha Lead Expert (Reg. No. 027) Consultant Aquaclean Services Ltd. P. O. Box 1902 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel. No. +254 722 809026 email: [email protected] Signature Date The Director General Client Kenya National Highways Authority P. O. Box 49712 – 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel. +254 20 8013842 email: [email protected], [email protected] Signature Date Page 1 of 189 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (STUDY REPORT) Feasibility Study, ESIA and Detailed Engineering Design for Dualling of ESIA Consultant (Firm of Experts) Mombasa – Mariakani (A109) Road Aquaclean Services Limited (Reg. No. 1899) Table of Contents ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 28 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................... 28 1.2 PROJECT LOCATION .......................................................................................................................................... 29 1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION .................................................................................................................................. 30 1.4 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT STUDY ..................................................................................................... 30 1.4.1 ESIA Objectives .............................................................................................................................................. 30 1.4.2 Scope of ESIA ................................................................................................................................................. 31 1.4.3 Key Environment and Social Linkages ........................................................................................................... 31 1.5 GENERAL APPROACH ....................................................................................................................................... 33 1.6 ESIA STUDY TEAM ........................................................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 2: THE PROJECT ROAD DESCRIPTION .................................................................................... 36 2.1 PROJECT LOCATION .......................................................................................................................................... 36 2.2 THE ROAD CORRIDOR FEATURES .................................................................................................................... 36 2.3 ROAD PHYSICAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................................... 38 2.3.1 Junction A14/A109 – Changamwe (KM0+500 – KM 5+800) ......................................................................... 38 2.3.2 Changamwe – Miritini (KM 5+800 – KM 15+500) ......................................................................................... 38 2.3.3 Miritini – Mazeras (KM 15+500 – KM21+500) .............................................................................................. 38 2.3.4 Mazeras – Mariakani (KM 21+500 – KM 41+700) ........................................................................................ 39 2.4 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FEATURES ................................................................................................ 39 2.4.1 Digo Road Junction – Makupa Roundabout (Km 0+000 – Km 2+600) .......................................................... 39 2.4.2 Makupa Roundabout – Changamwe Roundabout (Km 2+600 – Km 5+800) ................................................ 40 2.4.3 Changamwe Roundabout – Jomvu (Km 5+500 – Km 11+700) ...................................................................... 42 2.4.4 Jomvu – Miritini (Km 10+700 – Km 15+500) ................................................................................................. 44 2.4.5 Miritini – Mazeras (Km 15+500 – Km 21+500) ............................................................................................. 45 2.4.6 Mazeras – Mariakani (Km 21+500 – Km 41+700) ......................................................................................... 46 2.5 DESIGN CONCEPTS ........................................................................................................................................... 48 2.5.1 Design Standards .......................................................................................................................................... 48 2.5.2 Pavement Widening ...................................................................................................................................... 48 2.5.3 Road Sections and Geometry ........................................................................................................................ 49 2.5.4 Interchanges ................................................................................................................................................. 50 2.5.5 Junctions and U-Turns ................................................................................................................................... 51 2.5.6 Pedestrian Foot Bridges ................................................................................................................................ 51 2.5.7 Pedestrian Walkways .................................................................................................................................... 52 2.5.8 Street Lighting ............................................................................................................................................... 52 2.6 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AVAILABILITY ....................................................................................................... 52 2.6.1 Gravel Material Sites..................................................................................................................................... 52 2.6.2 Hard Stone Quarries ...................................................................................................................................... 53 Page 2 of 189 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (STUDY REPORT) Feasibility Study, ESIA and Detailed Engineering Design for Dualling of ESIA Consultant (Firm of Experts) Mombasa – Mariakani (A109) Road Aquaclean Services Limited (Reg. No. 1899) 2.6.3 Construction Water ....................................................................................................................................... 54 2.6.4 Sand for Construction ................................................................................................................................... 54 2.7 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES .............................................................................................................................. 55 2.7.1 Construction Camp Establishment ................................................................................................................ 55 2.7.2 Site Preparation ............................................................................................................................................ 55 2.7.3 Earthworks .................................................................................................................................................... 55 2.7.4 Materials Sourcing and Extraction ................................................................................................................ 55 2.7.5 Pavement Laying ........................................................................................................................................... 56 2.7.6 Structures ...................................................................................................................................................... 56 2.7.7 Rehabilitation and Restorations ................................................................................................................... 56 2.8 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ........................................................................................................... 56 2.9 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION COSTS ESTIMATES .............................................................................................. 56 CHAPTER 3: POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................... 57 3.1 NATIONAL