Jernej Kusterle Strukturalna poetika ulične poezije (Diplomsko delo) UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA SLOVENISTIKO JERNEJ KUSTERLE Strukturalna poetika ulične poezije Diplomsko delo Mentor: red. prof. dr. Alojzija Zupan Sosič Univerzitetni študijski program prve stopnje: Slovenistika E Ljubljana, 2013 Jernej Kusterle Strukturalna poetika ulične poezije (Diplomsko delo) Izvleček Strukturalna poetika ulične poezije Diplomsko delo skuša skozi strukturalno analizo omogočiti vpogled v poseben tip poezije, t.i. ulično poezijo, ki je pri nas literarnoteoretsko slabo raziskana. Zgodovinsko obravnava izhodiščna jedra ulične poezije, kot prevajanega izraza za »rap« v okviru ameriške hip-hop kulture, ter prikazuje tipološko kronološko členitev slovenske ulične poezije. Sledi raziskovanje besedil, kjer so obravnavani: jezik, retorična sredstva, ritem in sama zgradba. S pomočjo primerjalnega instrumenta, razpredelnice, je prikazana shema razlik med tradicionalno in ulično poezijo. Glede na odkrita dejstva se oblikuje teza, da ima ulična poezija »sebi lasten jezik«, t.j. lastno slovnico in besedje, najmočneje se približa poeziji z ritmom in retoričnimi sredstvi, čeprav se pojavljajo tudi razlike. Diplomsko delo predstavlja različne tipe raperjev ter različne oblike ulične poezije. To je prikazano s tipološko predstavitvijo. Ključne besede: hip-hop, literarna teorija, ulična poezija, rap, poezija Abstract Structural poetics of the street poetry Through structural analysis this research work is trying to open an insight into a special type of poetry, so called street poetry, which has been badly researched by now. It is dealing historically with the origins of the core of the American street poetry. The typological and chronological analyses of the Slovenian street poetry is also dealt with. The research of the lyrics follows, in which the language, the retorical figures, the rhythm and the structure itself are being researched. With the help of comparative instrument the sheme of differences between the traditional and street poetry is shown. Regarding the facts, a thesis could be formed about the street poetry that has its own vocabulary and grammar. With its rhythm and retorical figures it approaches the traditional poetry, eventhough there are still some differences between the two of them. The research work represents different types of the street poets and also of the street poetry. They are shown in the typological presentatiton. Keywords: hip-hop, literary theory, »street poetry«, rap«, »poetry Jernej Kusterle Strukturalna poetika ulične poezije (Diplomsko delo) Kazalo 1.0 Uvod ..................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Rap ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Izvor in pomen rap glasbe ................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Zgodovinski pregled slovenske ulične poezije ................................................................. 6 2.2.1 Uvajalno obdobje oziroma predobdobje ................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Začetno obdobje ........................................................................................................ 7 2.2.3 Obdobje v razvoju ..................................................................................................... 8 2.2.4 Zlato obdobje ............................................................................................................. 9 2.2.5 Obdobje »mainstream« in »underground« ulične poezije ......................................... 9 2.2.6 Obdobje pospešenega razvoja ................................................................................. 10 3.0 Jezikovna zvrstnost in besedje v ulični poeziji .................................................................. 11 3.1 Mnenja in stališča raperjev o jeziku ulične poezije ........................................................ 13 3.2 Dejstva o jeziku v rapu ................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Inovativno tvorjenje besedja .......................................................................................... 16 3.4 Socialne podzvrsti oziroma interesne govorice .............................................................. 16 3.4.1 Sleng ........................................................................................................................ 17 3.4.2 Žargon ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.4.3 Argo ......................................................................................................................... 24 3.5 Sociolekti ....................................................................................................................... 26 3.5.1 Mestni obrobni sociolekt ......................................................................................... 26 3.5.2 Priseljenski obrobni sociolekt ................................................................................. 26 3.5.3 Ekscesni sociolekti .................................................................................................. 28 4.0 Fikcija v ulični poeziji ........................................................................................................ 31 5.0 Ritem in forma ................................................................................................................... 33 5.1 Sodobna poezija ............................................................................................................. 34 5.1.1 Ritem ....................................................................................................................... 35 5.1.2 Forma ...................................................................................................................... 36 5.2 Ritmizirana proza ........................................................................................................... 36 5.2.1 Ritem ....................................................................................................................... 37 5.2.2 Forma ...................................................................................................................... 38 5.3 Ulična poezija ................................................................................................................. 38 i Jernej Kusterle Strukturalna poetika ulične poezije (Diplomsko delo) 5.3.1 Ritem ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.3.2 Forma ...................................................................................................................... 40 5.4 Razmerje med ulično in tradicionalno poezijo ............................................................... 40 6.0 Stilistika .............................................................................................................................. 43 6.0.1 Rima ali polni zvočni stik ........................................................................................ 43 6.0.1.1 Rima v tradicionalni poeziji ............................................................................. 44 6.0.1.2 Rima v ulični poeziji ........................................................................................ 47 6.0.1.2.1 Multiji ........................................................................................................ 47 6.0.1.2.2 Tipologija rime v rapu ............................................................................... 48 6.0.1.3 Metafora ali prenos ........................................................................................... 48 6.0.1.4 Primera ali komparacija ................................................................................... 51 6.0.1.5 Besedna igra ali paronomazija ......................................................................... 52 6.0.1.6 Metrum ............................................................................................................. 54 6.0.1.7 Refren ali pripev ............................................................................................... 55 6.0.1.8 Mašila ............................................................................................................... 60 6.0.1.9 Polisindeton ali mnogovezje ............................................................................ 62 6.0.1.10 Carmina figurata ali likovna pesem ............................................................... 62 6.0.1.11 Paralelizem ali vzporedje ............................................................................... 63 6.0.1.12 Punchi ............................................................................................................. 64 6.0.1.13 Deliveri ........................................................................................................... 66 6.1 Shema retoričnih figur v poeziji ..................................................................................... 67 6.2 Shema retoričnih figur v ulični poeziji ........................................................................... 68 6.3 Primerjalna shema retoričnih figur v Poeziji in ulični poeziji ....................................... 69 7.0 Primerjalna teorija poezija : rap ........................................................................................