Olney Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Olney Historic Town Assessment Report Draft Bridge House, Bridge Street Olney Historic Town Assessment Draft Report Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 4 I DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ............................................................................................ 7 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology .......................................................................................... 13 2.2 Wider Landscape ................................................................................................................... 13 3 Evidence.......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Historic Maps.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Built Heritage.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Archaeological Evidence........................................................................................................ 15 3.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 25 4 Archaeological & Historical Development................................................................................... 29 4.1 Prehistoric period (c.10,000 BC – AD 43).............................................................................. 29 4.2 Roman synthesis and components (AD 43 – 410) ................................................................ 31 4.3 Saxon synthesis and components (AD 410 – 1066).............................................................. 34 4.4 Medieval synthesis and components (1066-1536) ................................................................ 37 4.5 Post medieval synthesis and components (1536-1800) ........................................................ 42 4.6 Modern synthesis and components (1800-Present) .............................................................. 47 5 Historic Urban Zones..................................................................................................................... 58 5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 58 5.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 58 5.3 Archaeological Assessment................................................................................................... 58 5.4 Heritage Values...................................................................................................................... 61 5.5 Historic Settlement ................................................................................................................. 63 5.6 Modern Settlement................................................................................................................. 68 II ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 70 6 Designations................................................................................................................................... 70 6.1 Conservation Areas (CA) ....................................................................................................... 71 6.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 71 6.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 71 6.4 Scheduled Ancient Monuments ............................................................................................. 71 7 Summary and Potential ................................................................................................................. 71 7.1 Character................................................................................................................................ 71 7.2 Archaeological Potential......................................................................................................... 71 8 Management Recommendations .................................................................................................. 71 8.1 Conservation Area ................................................................................................................. 71 8.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.............................................................................................. 71 8.3 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 71 8.4 Scheduled Ancient Monuments ............................................................................................. 72 8.5 Listed Building........................................................................................................................ 72 III RESEARCH AGENDA.................................................................................................................73 9 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 73 9.1 Prehistoric .............................................................................................................................. 73 9.2 Roman.................................................................................................................................... 73 9.3 Anglo Saxon........................................................................................................................... 73 9.4 Medieval................................................................................................................................. 73 9.5 Post Medieval......................................................................................................................... 74 10 Bibliography................................................................................................................................ 75 11 Addresses ................................................................................................................................... 78 1 Appendix: Chronology & Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 79 1.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website).................................. 79 1.2 Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................................. 79 2 Appendix: HER Records................................................................................................................ 81 2.1 Monuments HER Report........................................................................................................ 81 2.2 Find Spots .............................................................................................................................. 83 2.3 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 86 3 Appendix: Trade Listings and Population Data .......................................................................... 90 4 Appendix: Historical Consultancy Report................................................................................... 92 2 Olney Historic Town Assessment Draft Report List of Illustrations Figure 1: Urban Character Zones for Olney.............................................................................................. 5 Figure 2: Olney in location......................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 3: Geology of town (BGS) .............................................................................................................. 9 Figure 4: Diagram of Connections from Olney (representational only)................................................... 10 Figure 5: Town in the wider historic landscape using routes and Bucks HLC ........................................ 11 Figure 6: Dispersed settlement around Olney......................................................................................... 12 Figure 7: Listed Buildings by century ...................................................................................................... 14 Figure 8: Historic maps:..........................................................................................................................