SY L L A BUS . LE E C T UR I . Histor 145 0— 1800 T h e o f — T s s— I d y . invention printing ype of the early printer ntro uction of ‘ iIlustratio ns d d a nd — Th e l 6th C erio d t s — N ew , woo cut bor ers initials entury a p of grea expan ion styles of type— Popular boo ks— The 17th C entury n o t favourable to the artistic develo pment o f the art— The pamphlet an d the n ewspaper supreme— Rigorous press laws— The 18 th C entury Rev ival C — G and — B B d D d — B and W d aslon type reat printers their styles askerville , o oni , i ot , Ibarra ewick oo a engr ving . LE T E C UR II . - Tire 19 th C en tur 1801 du — S e ss— T e 1801—40 y. In no machine pro ction tanhop pre ype fac s — - — Revival of o ld style printing and C aslon type Machine made paper Development of the printing a — — m chine Invention of photography Attempts at colour printing . I I I LE C TURE . I — The 19th and 2 0th C enturies con tinued W d u S t - . oo c ts of the ixties Inven ion of the half tone — — Revival of hand-press work for artistic production E ffect o f revival o n commercial work Type s ‘ ’ an - — d type founders Recent inventions in illustration . E E V L C TUR I . ' Th istor o P n R - t — C - — h e la ter H y f C o lour rinti g. ise of chromo li hography hromo xylography T e - — - P a n t — The f three colour process Collotype hotogravure d its combina ions o fset process . T he Histo ry and‘ Prac tic e 0 the A rt f ri tin o P n g . L E C T URE L — DE L J VE R E D [VO VE M BE R 1 1 9 4 . PRI NTING with moveable types was invented experime nt and of failure to enable the printer ' either in Holland or Germany about the of the 14 5 4 Indulgence to arriv e at the fin al ‘ . he i year L4 4 O . The name of t nventor and the solution of the problem From the press of i place of the invention are two of the most hotly Ma nz also was produced the first Latin Bible , ‘ l k n as i b e u o . G cont sted q esti ns in history utenberg at original y now the Mazar ne Bi le , after M n e aldfo hel ut ai z , Cost r at Haarlem , W g at wards described as the G enberg Bible, and C F — e i b Avignon , astaldi at eltre all thes are now called by all good doubt ng bi liographers e - i mentioned as claimants . The valu of their the forty two l ne Bible , which title commits u h r n e respective pretensions has been summed p by no one . T is Bible was p i t d before August , a well - in l 14 5 6 l e known authority the words Hol and , as a copy in the Bib ioth que Nationale ’ has r . 14 5 7 has books but no documents , France docu has a rub icator s date of that year In P the fi rst to ments but no books , Italy has neither books appeared the Mainz salter, book ' ' m a na nie of i e nor docu ents , while Germany has both books be r the its pr nt r, the name of the ” “ c ert aml ri and documents . There exist books y place where it was p nted , and the date of its i ed in l held i pr nt Ho land which are by some to production . To add to this , it conta ned the , 4 fi 14 5 , e a ri be earlier than which is the first print d first ttempts at colour p— nting and the rst a i The n d te of the Mainz press . They are attributed ornamental in tials . printers were Johan ' ' ' Jansz o o n C Sc hoffe r hi r to the press of Laurens oster of Fust and Peter , and t s Psalte , , b ut i w Haarlem , th s is not supported by any together ith the other books from their press , di e . t e rect vidence As to the Avignon claim , this showed a great advance from h work of the s n hi rest upo some documents in the legal arc ves two first presses in Mainz . Waldfo hel s i of the town g , who was a goldsmith , The work of the e pioneer pr nters must have was in the possession of a method of artificial been much hampered by the poverty o f their i ‘ l writ ng which , by the description given , must implements . There is ittle doubt that the i l n - have been printing . No work done by him or earliest press used was a s mple i en press , b * i l y h s method has been identified . and a small one at that . The ink was an uven o f C to i . The claim astaldi, of Feltre , appears tion , if not in itself, in its appl cation With i t l in t , _ rest upon very shal ow foundations , and, these poor ins ruments and w th ype that ffi u i u r fact , it is di c lt to see anyth ng but tradition must witho t doubt have been i regular and in . n s n n art the story When we turn to Mai z we are on badly cast, the pioneer of the pri ti g “ w e more solid ground . fi M z produced the magnifi cent works hich r ‘ From the rst ain press — it f n G i n is di ficult to associate Joh utenberg ma ned , perhaps unequalled, and certai ly ‘ — fi it a I nd l enc e was . de nitely with broadside ug not surpassed , for many years i 1i11te d 4 5 4 . issued with the printe d da te of 1 Through From the Ma nz press , with its colour p u l . r the haze of tradition , theory and spec lation , initia s , we pass to Strassburg Here as ea ly as ‘ I r fa c t a nd 14 60 this ndulgence eme ges as a definite , , and perhaps two years earlier, Johann from this date begins the real histo ry of printing Mentelin was prin ting a nd using a typ e which with moveable what we know of began to show the first modification to wards . th o o eratio ns u d we d “ t u p of typefo nding to ay can the roun or Roman ype ” Everything up to see that it . must have taken many years of this time had been printed in the type which is 3 2 2 10 5 . k l s the Ba tra cho m uo m a c hia H the nown generica ly a\ Gothic or Black Letter the of omer, and ~_ ‘ r14 a s n . 6 type About the yea 4 _ pres was estab book also contai ed a Latin translation of the lishe d at Strassburg which used a definite Roman work . The development of Greek printing was T he it . w type pr n er, formerly kno n as the rapid in Italy, but slow in the other countries R t . prin er, owing to the curious form of the of Europe R and n n capital in the fount of type he used , whose Pri ti g began in Switzerland about 1468 at ' n ‘ in 14 7 in F n books were origi ally confused with those of Basel, and 0 ra c e at Paris . It is M entelin no w h , is identified as Adolph Rusc , strange that Paris was so late introducing the the -ih - M nt l Th e e in. e n son law of first Roman printi g press , as there is no doubt that speci 14 66 type , therefore , is found in Germany, although mens of the art had been seen there in , and i we have to look to Italy for its later develop t is believed that Jensen wassentby Charles VII . w 4 O n ment The next press to be mentioned as to learn the ne art as early as 1 5 8 . his showing development in the art is that return to Paris , finding his patron, the king , ‘ of ' fi ste r Pfi ster r . P Albrecht , of Bambe g is a dead , and encountering considerable opposition , r n myste ious person, bei g connected in some way from the scribes and copyists , he went to Italy i i his . with the earliest presses in Ma nz , and by some and ultimately establ shed press at Venice ' is looked upon as the printer of the thirty -six The first Paris press wa s esta b lished under the is line Bible , which by most bibliographers patronage and by the exertions of professors of r o f 14 5 4 . U f attributed to the p inter the Indulgence the niversity of Paris , and the press itsel was l fi r i .