ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Braueria Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 39 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kiss Ottó Artikel/Article: Trichoptera collected by light trapping from the Hungarian section of the River Tisza 25-31 25 BRAUER!A (Lunz am See, Austria) 39:25-31 (2012) attracted to light and of insect monitoring, which inter alia would expand the faunistic list of the River Tisza with Trichoptera collected by light trapping from the previously unreported caddisfly species. Thus, a more Hungarian section of the River Tisza specified list of Trichoptera is provided and a comparison of the Trichoptera assemblages of the rhithron and potamon reaches is made, as well as the sex ratio distribution of the O tto KISS species. The indicator caddisfly species of biological water quality are also given. Key words: light trap, the River Tisza, bioindicator Trichoptera, rhithron, potamon, Hungary Material and methods Jermy type light traps were operated in 2004 and 2005 from Abstract. Light traps operated at 4 sites along the the end of April to October at the following places: longitudinal section of the River Tisza in 2004 and 2005 -Tiszaköröd (48°06’34”N, 22°42’49”E) 113 metres above captured 21087 individuals of 51 caddisfly species sea level. The trap was located near the base of the comprising 18 species recorded from this river for the first embankment, 150 air metres from the river bank. The trap time. As regards zonality, rhithron and potamon regions can was bounded by sparse poplar and willow forest beit. On the be separated, which is proved by the diversity of the collected flood-plain there was no forest, only grassland; insects were species. The Upper Tisza region (Tiszaköröd), a rhithron able to fly from the river bank to the trap without any area, was represented by (a relatively small number of) 1304 obstacle. individuals of 38 species. In the Middle Tisza region -Tiszaszölös (47°34’17”N, 20o41’53”E) 110 metres above (Tiszaszölös, Tiszaroff), and the Lower Tisza region sea level. The trap was at dike reeve’s cottage No. 10.04/7. In (Csongräd), both of them potamon areas, 19783 individuals summer, without a rise of the water table, the water’s edge of 31 species occurred. Caddisfly species that indicate was 80 metres from the light trap. Flood-plain forest: old biological water quality have prominent roles in marking the poplar and willow stands, characterized by rieh undergrowth preferred and characteristic water type of each species. These and an abundance of high creeping lianes. data show that the biological water quality of the river ranged -Tiszaroff (47°23’40”N, 20°25’59”E) 111 metres above sea between I and III water quality categories. level. The trap was placed close to the base of the embankment, so inconvenient light-sources were blocked out. Introduction Water’s edge in summer (without rise) was 25 metres from The River Tisza (Fig. 1.) is the second largest river the light trap. The flood-plain was covered with straggling (after the River Danube) of Hungary and the Carpathian willowy growth and alluvial branch deposit on the riverside. basin. The Hungarian section of the River Tisza is 274 river kilometres. The Tisza valley is a special habitat, a particular -Csongräd (46°39’14”N, 20°H’04”E) 100 metres above sea ecological corridor; the Upper Tisza region for example, is level. The trap was at dike reeve’s cottage No. 11.03/3, 6 km one of the Ramsari areas in Hungary (TARDY, 2007). The to the south of Csongräd. Water’s edge in summer was 100 Upper, Middle and Lower Tisza regions are traditional metres from the trap. The Vegetation of the flood-plain was subject matters of research. Zoological investigations of the poplars (planted in 1998), maples and waterside willow River Tisza has a 284-year-long history. The occurrence of grove. the mayfly (Palingenia longicauda OLIV.) in the Tisza was I stored the collected caddisfly material in 70% ethyl alcohol and identified the species using Malicky’s work (1983) and a first reported by Luigi Fernando M arsili in 1726, and is mentioned in the history of the zoological survey of the Tisza stereomicroscope. valley (Bä b a & G alle , 1998). Result and discussion Uherkovich and NÖGRÄ di (1997) recorded 49 caddisfly species from the Upper Tisza, and 22 caddisfly The light trap at Tiszaköröd (Table 1) captured species from the Lower Tisza, based on sporadic collecting 503 individuals of 33 species in 2004, 801 individuals of 24 activites. Of these species, 30 only occurred in the upper species in 2005, i.e. a total of 1304 individuals of 38 species. reaches, 3 only in the lower reaches and 19 were common The bulk of individuals was Psychomyia pusilla, 132 males along the total length of river. Juhäsz et al. (1998) described and 57 females in 2004, 234 males, 326 females in 2005. 13 the macroinvertebrate assemblages of the Upper Tisza region. species of the Limnephilidae and 10 species of the Light trapping at Szolnok (Middle Tisza region) resulted in 3 Leptoceridae were dominant. Goera pilosa, with a small species new to the River Tisza, increasing the number of number of species, prefers mountain streams and clear, running waters, and occurs in oligosaprobic waters (o=2), in recorded species to 55 from this river (KlSS & Z suga , 2004). Cyanide pollution of the River Tisza in 2000 also made ß-mesosaprobic waters, (ß=5), and in ct-mesosaprobic waters, several specialists investigate the fauna of its aquatic habitats. (a=3). Hydropsyche bulgaromanorum (ß=8, a=2) and Hydropsyche pellucidula (o=2, ß=5, a=3), with preference Kiss & Z suga (2004) describe the biological water quality and highlight the usability of caddisfly species as indicators for running waters, were caught in abundance. Synagapetus of water quality. 22 of 31 caddisfly species are given the moselyi, caught in small numbers, likes slow streams and waters rieh in oxygen, preferring xenosaprobic waters with 7 value points of water quality preference after Moog (1995). MÖRA et al. (2005) collected macroinvertebrates in the River points and oligosaprobic waters with 3 points. This species Tisza and its main tributaries. The small number (12) of has not been previously collected from the Tisza. The Trichoptera species, which they reported without providing a following species have also been identified from the Tisza for detailed list of species, was accounted for by the phenological the first time: Hydroptila angustata, Hydropsyche features. By 2010, based on the technical data and the current angiistipennis (o=l, ß=5, a=4), Tinodes sp., Limnephilus results, 73 caddisfly species are known from the River Tisza. decipiens (ß=7, a=3), Limnephilus politus, Micropterna This represents 34.27% of the Hungarian Trichoptera species lateralis, Micropterna testacea, Leptocerus interruptus (ß=5, The Department of Zoology of the Plant Protection a=5). Larvae of the net spinning Neureclipsis bimaculata are Institute at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences operated good indicators as they like running waters (o=l, ß=7, a=2). light traps on four sites near the embankments of the River Thus, it can be stated that the saprobic values of the Tisza for two years with the aims of collecting insects indicator caddisflies are of cold tolerant oxibiont organisms 26 living in running waters and sensitive to fluctuations of angustipennis, Cyrnus ßavidus, Holocentropus dubius, Lype temperature referable to the rhithrobenthos character of the reducta, Tinodes sp. (female), Limnephilus decipiens, Upper-Tisza. Limnephilus polilus, Limnephilus rhombicus, Microplerna The light trap at Tiszaszölös (Table 2) collected lateralis, Micropterna testacea, Agripnia pagetana, 5819 individuals of 15 species in 2004 and 2939 individuals Phiyganea grandis, Trianodes bicolor, Ylodes simulans, of 22 species in 2005; altogether, 8758 individuals of 27 Leptocerus interruptus, and Setodes viridis. The hectic species were caught. The bulk of individuals was Ecnomus seasonal flight activity patterns of the various species were tenellus with 2500 males and 2485 females in 2004 and 790 probably due to the adverse weather conditions and the males and 525 females in 2005. The catch of Neureclipsis negative effects of abrupt water contamination. As regards bimaculata in the potamon region was significant: 434 males, sex ratio, the bulk of the catches was male, attributable to 71 females in 2004, and 642 males, 811 females in 2005. 11 their reproductive activity. Biological water quality of the species of Limnephilidae, 6 species of Leptoceridae, and 5 examined reaches of the River Tisza ranges between I and III species of Polycentropodidae were dominant, all of them with water quality classes. These data show that caddisflies as a small number of individuals. The net-spinners Hydropsyche aquatic insects have a significant role in monitoring and bulgaromanorum and Hydropsyche contubernalis live in environmental bioindication. slow flowing waters. To date, the substrate specialist and xylobiont species, Lype Acknowledgements reducta, inhabiting the streams of mountains and rivers, is Thanks are due to B61a Dobos, Imre Kasza, Ferenc unknown from the Tisza. Agraylea sexmaculata, living along L6närt and Miklös Pitlu for operating the light traps, to the littoral zone of rivers (ß=5, a=5), was common among the Krisztina Kädär for selecting the imagines, as well as to micro caddisflies. The following species have been collected Krisztina Bata for the colour photographs. Sincere thanks are from the Tisza for the first time: Holocentropus dubius (ß=5, due to Dr. Ferenc Szentkirälyi (Department of Zoology, Plant a=5), Cyrnusßavidus, the ubiquitous Limnephilus rhombicus Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences) for (o=2, (3=6, a=2) which live along the littoral zone, making it possible for the author to identify the caddisfly Limnephilus decipiens (ß=7, a=3), living in streams, rivers material.