FINAL DRAFT Southern California Water Recycling Projects Initiative Recycled Water Project Implementation Strategies Technical Memorandum Cooperative Effort Funded and Managed by: The United States Bureau of Reclamation In Partnership with: Big Bear Area Regional Wastewater Agency California Department of Water Resources Central Basin and West Basin Municipal Water Districts City of Los Angeles City of San Diego Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Orange County Sanitation District San Diego County Water Authority Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority South Orange County Wastewater Authority Yucaipa Valley Water District March 2004 Prepared by: 3 HUTTON CENTRE DRIVE, SUITE 200 SANTA ANA, CA 92707 SUCESSFUL STRATEGIES TM FINALV2.DOC II SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WATER RECYCLING PROJECTS INITIATIVE PHASE II – TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM #3 Contents Section Page CONTENTS...........................................................................................................................................................III ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS............................................................................................................... V 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 CONTENTS OF THIS SECTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................1 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 PLAN OF STUDY ............................................................................................................................................ 2 2 BASIS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................... 5 2.1 CONTENTS OF THIS SECTION ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.3 THE WATER ‘RE’ CYCLE .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.4 SUCCESS DEFINED......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 CONSISTENCY AND TRANSPARENCY OF PROCESS ....................................................................................... 11 2.6 LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE..................................................................................................................... 14 3 SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES............................................................................. 17 3.1 CONTENTS OF THIS SECTION ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3 STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION........................................................................................ 17 3.3.1 Identification of Project Needs and Project Drivers ......................................................................... 18 3.3.2 Project Planning................................................................................................................................ 22 3.3.3 Identification and Characterization of Recycled Water Sources....................................................... 25 3.3.4 Public Involvement and Public Information and Education (PI&E)................................................. 35 3.3.5 Market and Infrastructure Assessments............................................................................................. 41 3.3.6 Environmental Issues and Approval.................................................................................................. 51 3.3.7 Economic and Financial Review ....................................................................................................... 52 3.3.8 Project Outline Submission to DHS and RWQCB............................................................................. 59 3.3.9 Regulatory Review and Approvals..................................................................................................... 62 3.3.10 Project Design and DHS ‘Title 22’ Report ........................................................................................ 69 3.3.11 Funding Mechanisms ......................................................................................................................... 77 3.3.12 The Permitting Process...................................................................................................................... 78 3.3.13 Construction....................................................................................................................................... 79 3.3.14 Project Commissioning and Delivery of Services .............................................................................. 80 3.3.15 Operation and Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 80 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................................................... 83 SUCESSFUL STRATEGIES TM FINALV2.DOC III SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WATER RECYCLING PROJECTS INITIATIVE PHASE II – TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM #3 Tables TABLE 1.1 LIST OF IEMT MEMBERS ......................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE 2.1 PARTIAL LIST OF CONTACTS AND INFORMATION SOURCES ..................................................................... 15 TABLE 3.1 RECYCLED WATER USES ALLOWED IN CALIFORNIA.............................................................................. 28 TABLE 3.2 WATER QUALITY LIMITS BY USE TYPE................................................................................................... 30 TABLE 3.3 CONSTITUENTS OF CONCERN FOR RECYCLED WATER USE .................................................................... 31 TABLE 3.4 SUMMARY OF PI&E RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE CALIFORNIA DWR 2002 RECYCLED WATER TASK FORCE .................................................................................................................................................... 39 TABLE 3.5 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS....................................................................... 45 TABLE 3.6 POTENTIAL OBSTACLES TO USING RECYCLED WATER BY USE TYPE.................................................... 46 TABLE 3.7 ENVIRONMENTAL/REGULATORY AGENCIES WITH INPUT INTO RECYCLED WATER APPLICATION......... 54 TABLE 3.8 POTENTIAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT FUNDING MECHANISMS FOR RECYCLED WATER PROGRAMS............ 56 TABLE 3.9 POTENTIAL STATE GOVERNMENT FUNDING MECHANISMS FOR RECYCLED WATER PROGRAMS ............ 57 TABLE 3.10 POTENTIAL FEDERAL FUNDING MECHANISMS FOR RECYCLED WATER PROGRAMS............................ 58 TABLE 3.11 POTENTIAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL FUNDING MECHANISMS FOR RECYCLED WASTEWATER PROGRAMS ............................................................................................................................................................... 59 TABLE 3.12 ADDITIONAL POTENTIAL FUNDING MECHANISMS................................................................................ 60 TABLE 3.13 POLICIES THAT ENCOURAGE THE USE OF RECYCLED WATER ................................................................. 67 TABLE 3.14 WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS GOVERNING RECYCLED WATER USE ................................................ 72 TABLE 3.15 BENEFICIAL USE TYPES FROM CALIFORNIA STATE WATER QUALITY CONTROL BOARD...................... 73 TABLE 3.16 PUBLIC HEATH REGULATIONS.............................................................................................................. 74 Figures FIGURE 2.1 RECYCLED WATER FLOW DIAGRAM ....................................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 3.1 TYPICAL IMPLEMENTATION STEPS FOR RECYCLED WATER PROJECTS.................................................. 19 FIGURE 3.2 TYPICAL SANITARY SEWER DIURNAL FLOW PATTERN ......................................................................... 27 Appendices APPENDIX A SWRCB WATER RECYCLING FUNDING GUIDELINES APPENDIX B CALIFORNIA WATER REUSE LEGISLATION SUMMARY AND MANDATORY USE ORDINANCE TEMPLATE (WATEREUSE ASSOCIATION) APPENDIX C DHS RECOGNIZED TECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER RECYCLING TREATMENT APPENDIX D DHS TITLE 22 REPORT OUTLINE APPENDIX E EXAMPLE TITLE 22 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGE PROJECT APPENDIX F BIBLIOGRAPHY SUCESSFUL STRATEGIES TM FINALV2.DOC IV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WATER RECYCLING PROJECTS INITIATIVE PHASE II – TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM #3 Abbreviations and Acronyms CALFED CALFED Bay-Delta Program CEQA California Environmental Quality Act DHS California Department of Health Services EVWRP East Valley Water Recycling Project FY Federal Fiscal Year GWRS