UHI Thesis - pdf download summary Matthew’s Presentation of The Son of David Davidic Tradition and Typology in the Gospel of Matthew Zacharias, Hermann Daniel DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (AWARDED BY OU/ABERDEEN) Award date: 2015 Awarding institution: The University of Edinburgh Link URL to thesis in UHI Research Database General rights and useage policy Copyright,IP and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the author, users must recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement, or without prior permission from the author. 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Oct. 2021 MATTHEW’S PRESENTATION OF THE SON OF DAVID: DAVIDIC TRADITION AND TYPOLOGY IN THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Highland Theological College and the University of Aberdeen H. Daniel Zacharias B. A. Providence College M. Div. Acadia University M. A. Acadia University 2015 I, H. Daniel Zacharias, confirm that I composed the thesis, that it has not been accept- ed in any previous application for a degree, that the work is my own, and that all quotations have been distinguished by quotation marks and the sources of information specifically acknowledged. H. Daniel Zacharias, January 30, 2015 II Abstract This thesis is a literary-critical analysis of the Gospel of Matthew and its interaction with Da- vidic tradition and use of Davidic typology. Throughout the narrative, the evangelist makes pervasive use of Davidic tradition from the Old Testament in his portrayal of Jesus. This be- gins from the first verse and the declaration that Jesus is the Son of David, and culminates in Jesus’ usage of Psalm 22’s Davidic lament on the cross. The incipit and genealogy predispos- es the reader to look for interaction with the Davidic tradition. Matthew’s Davidic theme uti- lizes throughout the narrative formal quotations, allusions, and echoes to the Davidic tradition found particularly in the OT prophets. In addition, Matthew makes use of Davidic typology numerous times, with David as type and Jesus as anti-type. This is done in order to present to the reader a scripturally-grounded redefinition of what it means for Jesus to be the Son of David: not as a violent militant leader, as was expected, but as a physical descendant of David, a healing shepherd, and a humble king. Within the Gospel, Matthew utilizes Davidic typology to show how the Son of David even has similar experiences as his royal predecessor. Even David’s own words from the psalms are utilized as testimony to the legitimacy of Jesus as the Davidic Messiah. III Acknowledgements I want to offer my thanks to a number of people who helped me during this long process to- wards my PhD. The staff and faculty at Highland Theological College were always available when I needed help. In particular, Jason Maston and Mike Bird were wonderful supervisors during this process. I also want to thank John Nolland, my external supervisor – in writing a dissertation on Matthew, I could not have hoped for a better scholar to offer me comments and critiques. I would like to also thank my mentor, colleague, and friend Craig Evans for his support through this process. I received a great amount of support and encouragement from the faculty and staff of Acadia Divinity College. I’m honoured to be part of this ministry team. Thank you to the board and President of the college for taking a chance on me, and supporting me on this path. Finally, my wife and children supported me a lot through this process. There were many evenings and weekends spent without dad at home. Thanks for being supportive and be- ing my cheerleaders through this process. Soli Deo gloria! Danny IV List of Abbreviations AB Anchor Bible (Commentary) ABRL Anchor Bible Reference Library AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums AnBib Analecta biblica ASNU Acta seminarii neotestamentici upsaliensis AThRSup Anglican Theological Review supplement series AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies AYBD Anchor Yale Bible Commentary BBR Bulletin for Biblical Research BDAG Arndt, William, Frederick W. Danker, and Walter Bauer. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium Bib Biblica BibInt Biblical Interpretation BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester BSac Bibliotheca Sacra BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin BWANT Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament BZNW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly col(s). column(s) Colloq Colloquium CTM Concordia Theological Monthly DSD Dead Sea Discoveries ExpTim The Expository Times HALOT Koehler, Ludwig, Walter Baumgartner, M. E. J. Richardson, and Johann Jakob Stamm. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1999. HBT Horizons in Biblical Theology HTR Harvard Theological Review ICC International Critical Commentary IEJ Israel Exploration Journal Int Interpretation JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JGRChJ Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSJSup Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period, Supplements JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Supplement Series JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSP Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha JSPSup Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha, Supplement Series JSS Journal of Semitic Studies JTS Journal of Theological Studies V KEK Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament LNTS Library of New Testament Studies LXX Septuagint NA E. Nestle and K. Aland (eds.), Novum Testamentum Graece NAC New American Commentary NCBC New Century Bible Commentary NETS New English Translation of the Septuagint NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament NIDNTT C. Brown (ed.), New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (1975–78) NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary NovT Novum Testamentum NovTSup Novum Tetamentum, Supplements NTS New Testament Studies OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis repr. reprint(ed) ResQ Restoration Quarterly rev. revised RevQ Revue de Qumran RHPR Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses SBLMS Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series SBLSP Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers SBLSymS Society of Biblical Literature Symposium Series SBS Stuttgarter Bibelstudien SBT Studies in Biblical Theology SJT Scottish Journal of Theology SR Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses SSEJC Studies in Scripture in Early Judaism and Christianity STDJ Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah StPatr Studia patristica TJT Toronto Journal of Theology TJ Trinity Journal TynBul Tyndale Bulletin UBS United Bible Society VD Verbum domini WBC Word Biblical Commentary WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament WW Word and World ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft ZWT Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie Abbreviations for primary literature follows the Society of Biblical Literature Handbook of Style: For Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Early Christian Studies (Peabody: Hendrick- son, 1999). VI Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the Present Study ………………………………………………1 1.1: Previous Work on Davidic Tradition in Matthew ……………………2 1.1.1: Development of Davidic Tradition………………………………………2 1.1.2: Therapeutic Son of David ………………………………………………3 1.1.3: Messianic Shepherd Tradition …………………………………………5 1.1.4: Matthew’s Use of Zechariah ……………………………………………5 1.1.5: Davidic Typology in the Betrayal Narrative ……………………………6 1.2: Thesis ……………………………………………………………………7 1.3: Contribution ……………………………………………………………8 1.4: Methodology ……………………………………………………………9 1.4.1: Citations, Paraphrases, Allusions, and Echoes ………………………10 1.4.2: Clustered Echoes ………………………………………………………13 1.4.3: Typology and Typological Fulfillment …………………………………14 1.4.4: Recognizing Typology in Matthew ……………………………………19 1.4.5: Typological Awareness…………………………………………………21 1.5: Approach ………………………………………………………………21 1.6: A Sketch of Davidic Messianism at the Turn of the Era ……………23 1.6.1: Davidic Messianism in the OT …………………………………………24 1.6.2: Davidic Messianism in Psalms of Solomon 17 ………………………25 1.6.3: Davidic Messianism in the Dead Sea Scrolls …………………………27 1.6.4: Davidic Messianism in the NT …………………………………………29