EFFECT OF SUPERDISINTEGRANTS ON ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF ZOLMITRIPTAN A Dissertation submitted to THE TAMILNADU Dr. M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Chennai-600032 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of MASTER OF PHARMACY IN PHARMACEUTICS Submitted by Register No. 261210603 Under the Guidance of Prof. R. NATARAJAN, M. PHARM., (Ph.D). DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS SWAMY VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY ELAYAMPALAYAM, TIRUCHENGODE - 637 205 TAMILNADU. APRIL-2014 SWAMY VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode - 637 205 Namakkal (DT), Tamilnadu. Phone: 04288-234417(8 lines) Fax: 04288-234417 Dr. N. N. RAJENDRAN, M. PHARM., PH. D. Principal CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “EFFECT OF SUPERDISINTEGRANTS ON ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF ZOLMITRIPTAN” submitted to The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, is a bonafide project work of (Reg. No: 261210603) in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode, for the partial fulfillment of award of the degree in Master of Pharmacy under the guidance of Prof. R. NATARAJAN, M.Pharm., (Ph.D). Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode. Signature of Principal Dr. N. N. Rajendran, M. Pharm., Ph. D. SWAMY VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode - 637 205 Namakkal (DT), Tamilnadu. Phone: 04288-234417(8 lines) Fax: 04288-234417 Dr. N. N. RAJENDRAN, M. PHARM., PH. D. Director of P.G. Studies and Research CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “EFFECT OF SUPERDISINTEGRANTS ON ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF ZOLMITRIPTAN” submitted to The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, is a bonafide project work of (Reg. No: 261210603) in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode, for the partial fulfillment of award of the degree in Master of Pharmacy under the guidance of Prof. R. NATARAJAN, M.Pharm., (Ph.D). Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode. Signature of Director of P.G. Studies and Research Dr. N. N. Rajendran, M. Pharm., Ph. D. SWAMY VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode - 637 205 Namakkal (DT), Tamilnadu. Phone: 04288-234417(8 lines) Fax: 04288-234417 Prof. R.NATARAJAN, M.PHARM.,(Ph.d)., Head and department of pharmaceutics CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “EFFECT OF SUPERDISINTEGRANTS ON ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF ZOLMITRIPTAN” submitted to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, is a bonafide project work of (Reg.No:261210603), in the Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode, for the partial fulfillment of award of the degree in Master of Pharmacy under my supervision & guidance. This work has not been submitted in part or full for the award of any degree or diploma of this or any other university. Signature of the Guide R.NATARAJAN, M.PHARM.,(Ph.D) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Behind every successful venture, it is always said that there is an invisible force, which shapes the things in the right way and directions in which they should be. I found it moral duty to bow to that divine power and thank him for imbibing in me the strength required for the successful completion of the thesis work. Ability and ambition are not enough for success many an able person fails to achieve anything worthwhile because he has not been properly guided. Success of any project depends solely on support, guidance and encouragement received from the guide and well-wishers. It is with a sense of pride and pleasure that, I humbly look back to acknowledge, those who have been a source of encouragement in my entire endeavor. Many Thanks to Almighty , for it is He who began this work in me and carried it throughout completion. The completion of this dissertation is not only fulfillment of my dreams but also the dreams of my Parents, who have taken lots of pain for me in completion of my higher studies. I take this privilege and pleasure to acknowledge the contributions of many individuals who have been inspirational and supportive throughout my work undertaken and endowed me with the most precious knowledge to see success in my endeavor. My work bears the imprint of all those people. We submit our sincere thanks to our beloved chairman and secretary “Vidya Ratna, Rashtriya Rattan, Hind Ratna” Prof. Dr. M. KARUNANITHI, B.Pharm, M.S., Ph.D., D. Litt. for providing all the facilities to carry out this thesis work. It gives me great pleasure to record my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Prof . R.NATARAJAN, M.Pharm.,(Ph.D)., Prof & Head., Department of Pharmaceutics , whose guidance, support, critical evaluations and professional eminency have inspired me a lot to put optimum efforts towards the completion of my thesis work. I consider it is a great honor to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Dr. N. N. RAJENDRAN, M.Pharm., Ph.D., Director of P.G.Studies and Research, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, for his valuable suggestion throughout the course of investigation and successful completion of the work. I also take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude and offer my most sincere and humble regards to Prof , Mr.K.MOHAN KUMAR, M.PHARM, Department of Pharmaceutics, for his continuous encouragement and support in completion of my course and dissertation successfully. It would be unwise if I forget to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to Mrs. M. RANGA PRIYA, M. Pharm., (Ph. D) Asst.Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics for his valuable help, support and encouragement during the work. I am elated to place on record my profound sense of gratitude Mrs. R. SUBHASHINI M. Pharm., Asst. professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, for his timely help during the work. Good friends are gift of God! I express my deep sense of gratitude and love towards my friends, well wishers and all my batch mates. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr . S. MOHAMADH (M.PHARM), Mr. M. MURUGAN (M.PHARM), Mr. C. KRISHNAN (M. PHARM) providing constant source of inspiration and has always encouraged scientific thinking and instilled me a sense of discipline in my work. I express my deep sense of gratitude and love to my father CH. VENKATESWARLU for timely help throughout the study without his support I wouldn’t have reached this place, my love and gratitude to my beloved Mother CH. PADMAWATHI, from depth of my heart for giving me more than what I deserved. It gives me an immense pleasure to dedicate my research work at their feet without whose blessings and vision. I would not have been able to achieve this task. I pay tribute to my beloved family for lifting me up till this phase of life. I thank them for their love, trust, patience and support and bearing all kinds of stress to make me what am. I would like to express my sincere thanks to MISS LATHA (BSC.MATHS), for their help and support in all my laboratory tests. I would like to thank all those who have helped me directly or indirectly to complete this work successfully. Ch.Sravanthi Reg.no:261210603 CONTENTS S.NO TITLE PAGE NO 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 13 3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE 26 4. PLAN OF WORK 27 5. PROFILES 28 • Drug profile • Polymer profile • Excipient profile 6. MATERIALS 52 7. METHODOLOGY 55 • Preformulation studies • Construction of standard curve • Formulation of ODT tablets • Uniform drug content • Characterization of tablets • In vitro drug release studies • drug content estimation • Kinetic analysis of in vitro release rates • Kinetic release studies 8. RESULTS 67 9. DISCUSSION 106 10. CONCLUSION 107 11. REFERENCES 108 ABSTRACT Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are getting popularity over conventional tablets due to their convenience in administration and suitability for patients having dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). There is an increasing demand for more patient compliance dosage form and a novel method is the development orally disintegrating tablets which dissolve or disintegrates instantly on the patient tongue or buccal mucosa. It is suited for tablets undergoing high first pass metabolism and is used for improving bioavailability with reducing dosing frequency to minimize side effect and make it more cost effective. Zolmitriptan is a selective serotonin receptor agonist. The absolute bioavailability is only approximately 40% due to extensive hepatic first pass metabolism (CYP1A2-mediated). Hence the main objective of the study was to formulate oral disintegrating tablets of Zolmitriptan to achieve a better dissolution rate and further improving the bioavailability of the drug. Orally disintegrating tablets prepared by direct compression and using, Crosspovidone, Crosscarmellose sodium, Sodium starch glycolate, Mannitol ,Magnesium stearate, Talc, Aerosil, Citric acid were prepared and evaluated for the precompression parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index , angle of repose etc. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, friability, disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution profile and found satisfactory. Among these groups, F6 Formulation is the best formulation and showed maximum dissolution rate with drug release within 10 minutes (94.4%) and it containing Crosspovidone as a superdisintegrant showed minimum disintegration time 15 seconds. 1. INTRODUCTION Oral disintegration tablets are the novel technology for administration of the drug through the oral route. The tablet is the most widely used dosage form because of its convenience in terms of self -administration, compactness and ease in manufacturing. However, many patients especially children and elderly have difficulty in swallowing tablets and capsules and consequently unable to take medicine as prescribed. Almost 50% of the population is affected by such problem, resulting in the high incidence of non compliance and infective therapy. To overcome such problems, fast disintegrating tablets or orally disintegrating tablets have emerged as an alternative dosage forms. Oral disintegrating tablets’s are solid unit dosage forms, which disintegrate or dissolve rapidly in the mouth without chewing and water.