RÉSEAU INTERNATIONAL POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE L'AVICULTURE FAMILIALE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR FAMILY POULTRY DEVELOPMENT INFPD Newsletter Vol. 10 No. 1 & 2, January – June 2000 BuIletin RIDAF Vol. 10 No. 1 & 2, Janvier – Juin 2000 INFPD Coordinator: Prof. E. Babafunso Sonaiya, Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, E-mail: [email protected] INFPD Newsletter Editor: Dr. E. Fallou Guèye, Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research (ISRA), B.P. 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal, E-mail: [email protected] ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENT Editorial Moving towards higher standards - E.F. Guèye .................................................................... 2 Research & Development Contributions Newcastle disease and parasitosis in family chickens in Southern Chad - A. Maho, N. Boulbaye and J. Etobia ............................................................................................. 3 Report on the SADC planning workshop on Newcastle disease control in village chickens - M. Young and R.G. Alders................................................................... 9 Rural family poultry in Morocco: case of Khénifra region - K. Benabdeljelil and T. Arfaoui ......................................................................................................... 12 News International Conference on Smallholder Livestock Production Systems in Developing Countries at Thrissur, India ........................................................................ 14 Improvements in Rural Poultry in Developing Countries ....................................................... 14 Proceedings of the 1999 Development Workers’ Tune Course ................................................. 15 Proceedings of an International Workshop on Family Poultry at M’Bour, Senegal ......................... 15 1 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Editorial Moving towards higher standards E.F. Guèye ISRA, B.P. 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal, E-mail: [email protected] The latest screening of our subscriber list reveals that Development (R&D) in family poultry. Views and there are presently 460 INFPD members from 70 experiences from various workers throughout the countries in 5 continents. Out of these members 74.1 world can also be shared via the newsletter. % are from Africa, 14.7 % from Europe and the Extensive exchange of information can contribute to remaining 11.2 % from South/North America, avoiding unnecessary duplications, repeated errors Asia/Pacific and the Middle East. Only 35.7 % of all and/or waste of time and resources. Moreover, it our members (26.5 % of those working in Africa) should be stressed that INFPD members are also have e-mail facilities. As you know, since our 1997 strongly encouraged to publish contributions dealing General Meeting held at M’Bour, Senegal, our news- with family poultry in other international journals and letter has been produced and sent electronically to to attend and present papers in animal agriculture members, the fact remains that hard copies will con- conferences, workshops and symposia. This will help tinue to be send by airmail to members without e-mail to widely disseminate relevant information about this facilities. critical, but generally overlooked poultry sub-sector. As the e-mail is a low-cost, fast and reliable way of Moving towards higher standards for our newsletter communication, INFPD members are strongly invited requires the full co-operation of our members in their to have e-mail addresses, whenever possible. This willingness to report their R&D work. Submissions will make our work easier. Furthermore, the impres- should be in English, French or Spanish. They should sive dynamism of the network is mainly due to the be send as attached files to the editor. When sent by strong commitment of a few of its members. As a airmail, authors should supply a floppy diskette, result of this, it is rewarding to notice that the key specifying the software used. Two types of manu- role of family poultry in improving livelihoods of scripts can be considered for publication. They are poor people in low-income food-deficit countries is original articles (e.g. see article by Maho et al., in being more recognised by NGOs, international aid this issue) and reports (e.g. see report by Young and agencies and donors. Issues relating to family poultry Alders, in this issue). research are also being more addressed by scientists. Original articles must include in the order: title; This does not mean that we can slack off now in our name, postal and e-mail address(es) of authors; ab- work. We should rather step up our efforts. stract of between 100 and 250 words; keywords (up With this in view, we do hope that more members to 8); introduction (including literature review); ma- will actively contribute to the life of our network, for terials and methods; results; discussion (‘results and example, by reporting, through the INFPD Newslet- discussion’ can also be presented together); conclu- ter, their results (successes obtained, but also failures sions; references and tables. The translation of the experienced with possible reasons) in Research and abstract in one of the two other languages is required. INFPD Newsletter Vol. 10, No. 1 & 2 2 With regard to reports, their headings depend on the author(s). The newsletter editor reserves the right to I look forward to receiving your contributions! shorten, edit or otherwise alter contributions. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Research & Development Contributions Newcastle disease and parasitosis in family chickens in Southern Chad A. Maho, N. Boulbaye and J. Etobia Laboratoire de Recherches Vétérinaires et Zootechniques de Farcha, B.P. 433, N’Djaména, Tchad, E-mail: [email protected] [Article translated from the original French - ED] ABSTRACT A survey was carried out in December 1999 in three over, the survey revealed that parasitosis does not pilot villages of Southern Chad. The investigation constitute a serious problem for poultry keepers. It revealed that Newcastle disease does exist, causes was found out that the setting-up of a well-designed high mortality and discourages poultry keepers whose vaccination programme is required. This will then only wish is to have means of control. The outbreak contribute to improving living conditions of human time (October–March) corresponds to the time during population in Southern Chad. which intense economic exchanges are made. More- Key words: Chad, chicken, Newcastle disease, parasitosis INTRODUCTION Throughout the world, poultry are the most numerous and/or to cope with socio-cultural obligations. In- species of farm animals. The importance of this pro- deed, poultry and the proceeds from their sale are duction and its contribution to supplying the human used to purchase clothes (5-19%), medicines (5-6%), population with animal protein vary from a country soap (3-10%), supplies during times of food scarcity or a continent to another (Smith, 1992; Permin and (2-27%), kitchen salt (3-6%), as special banquets for Hansen, 1998). In developing countries, poultry are distinguished family guests (15-23%) and during farm generally raised under traditional extensive husbandry work (5-8%) (Maho, 2000). Persistent complaints of systems (IEMVT, 1978; Oriol, 1987; Huque, 1999), veterinary services staff concerning avian diseases are semi-industrial poultry being practised only in recorded at the livestock directorate. A survey was N’Djaména, the capital-city of Chad. conducted by the ‘Laboratoire de Recherches In Southern Chad, although family poultry is prac- Vétérinaires et Zootechniques de Farcha’ in order to tised, it is considered as a secondary activity. Yet it assess the health situation. The article gives the re- contributes to covering various expenses of farmers sults of this survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was carried out in three villages, represent- out of seven villages situated in Southern Chad. The ing three pilot locations (Ngoko, Tchanar and Djoy) INFPD Newsletter Vol. 10, No. 1 & 2 3 seven village locations are pilot sites of the ‘Institut morning, irrespective of their age and their sex. Tchadien de Recherches Agronomiques pour le These faeces were introduced into formalin at 10 Développement’, chosen by the project ‘Pole Ré- percent held in tubes of 60 ml. Blood samplings were gional de Recherche Appliquée au Développement carried out on adult chickens, irrespective of sex, at des Savanes d’Afrique Centrale’ (PRASAC) depend- the wing vein using a venoject needle and a dry tube. ing on different problems encountered in the sudanian Blood was let clot during one hour and serum poured zone (absence or presence of available land, soil into an empty tube then put in a refrigerated room. fertility, soil erosion, livestock flock size and the Samplings were transported and analysed in the La- mobility of animal farmers). The survey was per- boratoire de Farcha. A total of 60 faeces samples and formed using direct interviews on existing diseases, 27 serums were analysed. the time of their occurrence, the treatment(s) applied and the results obtained. Faeces were sieved then observed directly under a photonic microscope. Faeces samples were examined Thirty percent of poultry keepers in each location, at 4x, 10x and 40x magnification. Identification of randomly selected from a beforehand established