Education, Social Cohesion and Anomie Investigating the Dialectic Twist of Social Cohesion in the Sri Lankan Education System Rüdiger Blumör, Malathi de Alwis and Stefanie Licht February 2019 Study Series No 11- 2019 Education, Social Cohesion and Anomie Investigating the Dialectic Twist of Social Cohesion in the Sri Lankan Education System Rüdiger Blumör, Malathi de Alwis and Stefanie Licht Study Series No 11- 2019 February 2019 1 cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h Njrpa Ehyf Mtzthf;fy; Nritfs; rig National Library and Documentation Services Board අධධධ්‍යාපන අමධ්‍යාතධධ්‍යාත්‍යාංශය fy;tp mikr;R Ministry of Education wxl 14" ksoyia udj;" fld<U 07 ,y. 14. Rje;jpu khtj;ij> nfhOk;G 07 No. 14, Independence Avenue, Colombo 07 Tel : +94 11 2698847, 2685197 P O Box : 1764 Fax : +94 11 2685201 email : [email protected] URL : www.natlib.lk Tfí wxlh$ ckE vz;/ Your Ref. : uf.a wxlh$ vdE vz;/ My Ref. : 50-7-1-4202 Date : 2019.03.05 Center for Poverty Analysis 29, R.G. 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A Specimen of “ Education, social cohesion and anomie : Investigating the dialectic twist of social cohesion in the Sri LankanISBN: education 978-955-3628-49-7 system ” the printing format of the Cataloguing-In - Publication data is annexed herewith National Library of Sri LankaCataloguing-in-Publication – Cataloguing of Publication Data Data Approved by the National Library and Documentation Services Board BlumörBlumor, RüdigerRudiger Education, social cohesion and anomie : investigating the dialectic twist of social cohesion in the Sri Lankan education system / RüdigerRudiger Blumör,Blumor, Malathi de Alwis and Stefanie Licht. - Colombo : Centre for Poverty Analysis, 2019 200 p. ; 21 cm. (Study series ; No. 11-2019) ISBN 978-955-3628-49-7 i . 370.95493 DDC23 ii. Title iii. De Alwis, Malathi (co. author) iv. Licht, Stefanie (co. author) v. Series 1. Education - Sri Lanka - Research 05. For further details please contact 011-2698847-250/011-2685195 or [email protected] Authors: Thanking you, Rüdiger Blumör was the Team Leader of the Education for Social Cohesion Programme in Sri Lanka from 2014-2019. Anoma WijesingheStefanie Licht was the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer of the P. EducationM. Deepal for Chandraratne Social Cohesion - Attorney Programme -at- law in Sri Lanka Head / Bibliographicfrom 2016-2019. Control Division Chairman For Director General Malathi de Alwis is a Socio-Cultural Anthropologist and consultant to the Education for Social Cohesion Programme. The Education for Social Cohesion Programme is implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The opinions expressed in this paper are the authors’ own and do not reflect the view of GIZ. This publication is supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. Copyright of this publication belongs to the Centre for Poverty Analysis. Any part of this book may be reproduced with due acknowledgment to the author/s and publisher. The CEPA Publication Series currently include: Studies, Edited Volumes, Working Papers and Briefing Papers. The interpretations and conclusions expressed in this Working Paper are those of the individual author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPA. All inquiries relating to this publication should be directed to: Centre for Poverty Analysis 29 R G Senanayake Mawatha, Colombo 7 Sri Lanka Tel: + 94(011) 2676955, 4690200 Fax: +94(011) 2676959 Email: [email protected] www.cepa.lk Education, Social Cohesion and Anomie 2 Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................. 5 Preface ................................................................................................................. 6 Translation Sinhala ................................................................................................................. 8 Translation Tamil ................................................................................................................. 10 School Networks and Education for Social Cohesion in Sri Lanka - A Strategy for the Diffusion of a Social Innovation by Rüdiger Blumör and Stefanie Licht ............................. 13 Endnotes ................................................................................................................. 38 References ................................................................................................................. 40 Education as a Lever for Social Cohesion? The Social Cohesion Radar in Schools in Sri Lanka by Rüdiger Blumör and Stefanie Licht .................................................................... 49 Endnotes ................................................................................................................. 88 References ................................................................................................................. 90 On Suicide in Sri Lanka - An Outline for Investigating the Correlation between Education, Schooling and Suicidal Behaviour among Students by Rüdiger Blumör and Stefanie Licht ................ 95 Endnotes ................................................................................................................. 109 References .................................................................................................................1110 Student Wellbeing in Sri Lanka - Analysis of Current Scholarship, Certain Policy Measures and Lessons Learned by Malathi de Alwis ........................................................................... 113 Endnotes ................................................................................................................. 134 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 135 3 Education, Social Cohesion and Anomie 4 Foreword This paper examines Basic Social Services and Social Cohesion from an in-depth perspective of CEPA’s own research, advocacy and policy. The services assessed under ‘basic services’ include education, health, transport, social protection, water, and waste treatment. These are evaluated in terms of access, quality, experience and outcomes. Inequality in accessing essential services is indeed a violation of rights of the people. CEPA defines ‘social cohesion’ as an essential requisite that keeps society from falling apart, reducing disparities in wealth and income and empowerment of people by creating a sense that they are engaged in a community enterprise as equal members. The papers compiled in this publication, supported by GIZ, provide insights and lessons learnt in formulating and implementing policy reform especially in education. They demonstrate the intimate link between education, basic services and social cohesion filling a lacuna left unaddressed in this area. CEPA believes that this publication will help sensitise and enhance the capacity of stakeholders in the service delivery sector to critically engage with issues specific to the region, and to develop a clear grasp of root causes that need to be addressed. It is hoped that this publication will help develop stronger policy prescriptions that will serve the goal of poverty eradication, as a part of the multi-faceted programs of CEPA. February 2019, Centre for Poverty Analysis 5 Preface Since 2005, the German Development Cooperation supported the Ministry of Education in Sri Lanka in the development and implementation of the national policy on education for social cohesion and peace. The Education for Social Cohesion Programme is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). In the past four, respective three years, we have assisted in our capacities as team leader (Rüdiger Blumör) and monitoring officer (Stefanie Licht). While trying to find ways to strengthen social cohesion through and within the education system we realised that potential negative aspects have to be considered as well – namely anomie. Malathi de Alwis joined us as a consultant and provided helpful insights. The Centre for Poverty Analysis (CEPA) supported the editing and printing of this publication, as the think tank has been working extensively on social cohesion and the provision of basic services, such as education. Together, we present four papers