QEMU version 2.10.50 User Documentation i Table of Contents 1 Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.1 Features :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 2 QEMU PC System emulator ::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.1 Introduction :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.2 Quick Start::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.3 Invocation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.3.1 Standard options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.3.2 Block device options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.3.3 USB options:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 2.3.4 Display options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 2.3.5 i386 target only::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 26 2.3.6 Network options :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 27 2.3.7 Character device options:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 35 2.3.8 Device URL Syntax::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 39 2.3.9 Bluetooth(R) options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 42 2.3.10 TPM device options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 42 2.3.11 Linux/Multiboot boot specific ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 43 2.3.12 Debug/Expert options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 44 2.3.13 Generic object creation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 52 2.4 Keys in the graphical frontends :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 58 2.5 Keys in the character backend multiplexer ::::::::::::::::::::: 58 2.6 QEMU Monitor ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 59 2.6.1 Commands ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 59 2.6.2 Integer expressions:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 70 2.7 Disk Images ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 70 2.7.1 Quick start for disk image creation:::::::::::::::::::::::: 70 2.7.2 Snapshot mode ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 71 2.7.3 VM snapshots :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 71 2.7.4 qemu-img Invocation:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 71 2.7.5 qemu-nbd Invocation:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 81 2.7.6 Disk image file formats ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 83 2.7.6.1 Read-only formats ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 89 2.7.7 Using host drives ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 89 2.7.7.1 Linux:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 89 2.7.7.2 Windows :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 89 2.7.7.3 Mac OS X ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 90 2.7.8 Virtual FAT disk images :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 90 2.7.9 NBD access :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 90 2.7.10 Sheepdog disk images:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 91 2.7.11 iSCSI LUNs ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 91 2.7.12 GlusterFS disk images ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 93 2.7.13 Secure Shell (ssh) disk images:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 94 ii 2.8 Network emulation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 95 2.8.1 VLANs ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 95 2.8.2 Using TAP network interfaces::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 95 2.8.2.1 Linux host ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 95 2.8.2.2 Windows host ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 95 2.8.3 Using the user mode network stack:::::::::::::::::::::::: 96 2.8.4 Connecting VLANs between QEMU instances ::::::::::::: 96 2.9 Other Devices ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 96 2.9.1 Inter-VM Shared Memory device:::::::::::::::::::::::::: 96 2.9.1.1 Migration with ivshmem ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 97 2.9.1.2 ivshmem and hugepages:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 97 2.10 Direct Linux Boot :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 97 2.11 USB emulation ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 98 2.11.1 Connecting USB devices ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 98 2.11.2 Using host USB devices on a Linux host ::::::::::::::::: 99 2.12 VNC security ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 100 2.12.1 Without passwords ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 100 2.12.2 With passwords :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 100 2.12.3 With x509 certificates :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 100 2.12.4 With x509 certificates and client verification :::::::::::: 101 2.12.5 With x509 certificates, client verification and passwords :: 101 2.12.6 With SASL authentication:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 101 2.12.7 With x509 certificates and SASL authentication::::::::: 101 2.12.8 Generating certificates for VNC::::::::::::::::::::::::: 101 2.12.8.1 Setup the Certificate Authority :::::::::::::::::::: 101 2.12.8.2 Issuing server certificates :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 102 2.12.8.3 Issuing client certificates ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 102 2.12.9 Configuring SASL mechanisms:::::::::::::::::::::::::: 103 2.13 GDB usage ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 104 2.14 Target OS specific information :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 105 2.14.1 Linux :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 105 2.14.2 Windows ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 105 2.14.2.1 SVGA graphic modes support ::::::::::::::::::::: 105 2.14.2.2 CPU usage reduction :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 105 2.14.2.3 Windows 2000 disk full problem ::::::::::::::::::: 105 2.14.2.4 Windows 2000 shutdown::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 106 2.14.2.5 Share a directory between Unix and Windows :::::: 106 2.14.2.6 Windows XP security problem ::::::::::::::::::::: 106 2.14.3 MS-DOS and FreeDOS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 106 2.14.3.1 CPU usage reduction :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 106 3 QEMU System emulator for non PC targets :: 107 3.1 PowerPC System emulator ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 107 3.2 Sparc32 System emulator ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 108 3.3 Sparc64 System emulator ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 109 3.4 MIPS System emulator ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 109 3.5 ARM System emulator ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 110 3.6 ColdFire System emulator :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 113 iii 3.7 Cris System emulator::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 114 3.8 Microblaze System emulator :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 114 3.9 SH4 System emulator :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 114 3.10 Xtensa System emulator::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 114 4 QEMU Guest Agent invocation ::::::::::::: 115 5 QEMU User space emulator ::::::::::::::::: 117 5.1 Supported Operating Systems :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 117 5.2 Features:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 117 5.3 Linux User space emulator:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 117 5.3.1 Quick Start ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 117 5.3.2 Wine launch::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 118 5.3.3 Command line options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 118 5.3.4 Other binaries ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 119 5.4 BSD User space emulator::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 120 5.4.1 BSD Status ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 120 5.4.2 Quick Start ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 120 5.4.3 Command line options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 120 Appendix A Implementation notes :::::::::::: 121 A.1 CPU emulation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 121 A.1.1 x86 and x86-64 emulation ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 121 A.1.2 ARM emulation::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 121 A.1.3 MIPS emulation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 121 A.1.4 PowerPC emulation ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 121 A.1.5 Sparc32 and Sparc64 emulation ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 122 A.1.6 Xtensa emulation ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 122 A.2 Translator Internals:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 122 A.3 QEMU compared to other emulators ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 124 A.4 Bibliography::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 125 Appendix B Deprecated features :::::::::::::: 126 B.1 System emulator command line arguments ::::::::::::::::::: 126 B.1.1 -drive boot=on|off (since 1.3.0) ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 126 B.1.2 -tdf (since 1.3.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 126 B.1.3 -no-kvm-pit-reinjection (since 1.3.0) ::::::::::::::::::::: 126 B.1.4 -no-kvm-irqchip (since 1.3.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 126 B.1.5 -no-kvm-pit (since 1.3.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 126 B.1.6 -no-kvm (since 1.3.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 126 B.1.7 -mon default=on (since 2.4.0) ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 126 B.1.8 -vnc tls (since 2.5.0)::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.9 -vnc x509 (since 2.5.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.10 -vnc x509verify (since 2.5.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.11 -tftp (since 2.6.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.12 -bootp (since 2.6.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 iv B.1.13 -redir (since 2.6.0) ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.14 -smb (since 2.6.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.15 -net channel (since 2.6.0)::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.16 -net vlan (since 2.9.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.17 -drive if=scsi (since 2.9.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 B.1.18 -net dump (since 2.10.0) ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 128 B.1.19 -hdachs (since 2.10.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 128 B.1.20 -usbdevice (since 2.10.0) ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 128 B.2 qemu-img command line arguments :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 128 B.2.1 convert -s (since 2.0.0) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 128 B.3 System emulator human monitor commands :::::::::::::::::: 128 B.3.1 host net