J o u r n a l o f T h e G o o d S h e p h THE GOOD SH EPH ERD e r d INSTITUTE I n s Pastoral Theology and t i t u Sacred Music for the Church t e 2 ( 2 0 0 1 Journal for the ) Second Annual Conference - November 4-6, 2001 P a T s t H o r E a l G T h O e CHRIST’S o O l o D g y S a n H d E S P a H c r GIFTS IN e E d R M D u s I i c N f S o r T THE GOOD SH EPH ERD t I h T LITU RGY e U C INSTITUTE h T u The Theology and Music E r c Pastoral Theology and h of the Divine Service Sacred Music for the Church The Good Shepherd Institute Christ’s Gifts in Liturgy The Theology and Music of the Divine Service Edited by Daniel Zager © 2002 Concordia Theological Seminary Press 6600 North Clinton Street Fort Wayne, Indiana 46825 Contents Foreword Daniel Zager ..................................................................................................... 3 All Saints’ Choral Vespers Sermon—November 4, 2001 Dean O. Wenthe .......................................................................................... 7 The Theology and Structure of the Divine Service Paul J. Grime .............................................................................................. 11 The Ordinaries of the Divine Service: An Interpretation of Liturgical Texts Arthur A. Just Jr. ....................................................................................... 27 The Music of the Divine Service: Propers and Proclamation Richard C. Resch ....................................................................................... 47 Preaching in the Divine Service William M. Cwirla .................................................................................... 59 Taking the Divine Service into the Week: Liturgy and Vocation John T. Pless ............................................................................................... 71 Children in Worship: A Place to Grow Barbara J. Resch ......................................................................................... 83 Bach and the Divine Service: The B-Minor Mass Paul W. Hofreiter ...................................................................................... 97 Preparing for the Divine Service: Building a Parish Team Mark E. Sell .............................................................................................. 129 The Pastor and the Church Musician: Building a Parish Team Kevin J. Hildebrand ................................................................................ 143 Contributors .................................................................................................. 149 1 2 Foreword n its second annual conference (November 4–6, 2001) The Good Shepherd Institute focused on the theme “Christ’s Gifts in Liturgy: The Theology and IMusic of the Divine Service.” Plenary papers were devoted to the theology and structure of the Divine Service, the Ordinaries, the Propers, and preaching. Other papers dealt with liturgy and vocation, children in the Divine Service, and Bach and the Divine Service. Finally, the topic of preparing for the Divine Service is considered from the vantage point of both pastor and kantor, the focus being on the pastoral and musical collaboration that is at the heart of worship planning (a collaboration that is, moreover, a primary concern of The Good Shepherd Institute). Each of these papers shares as a basic premise what John Pless has stated so succinctly: “The liturgy is not about our cultic activity; it is God who is giving His gifts in sermon and Sacrament to the people that He has gathered in His name.” In considering “The Theology and Structure of the Divine Service” Paul Grime wrestles with the question of whether the Divine Service demonstrates great concern or little concern for the individual Christian. As he examines the Divine Service he resolves this potential contradiction by concluding: “Though the Divine Service seems at times to show little concern for the individual Christian, the reality is that even in these situations the service is uniquely positioned to care for the eternal welfare of the children of God.” Grime adds that “The worldview of the Divine Service provides a radically new perspective as it delivers to us a wisdom that has been handed down from generation to generation.” Arthur Just Jr. locates this wisdom in the Ordinary portions of the Divine Service: the Kyrie, the Hymn of Praise (both the Gloria in Excelsis and “Worthy is Christ”), the Sanctus, and the Agnus Dei. Just explores the biblical foundations of the Ordinaries and reveals the rich theological interrelations among these liturgical texts. In this essay he demonstrates that “Christ’s gifts in liturgy begin with the Invocation and continue to the Benediction.” The Ordinaries are counterbalanced by Proper portions of the liturgy, whose texts change for each Sunday and feast day. Richard Resch considers Propers such as hymns, readings, psalms and antiphons, Introit, Collect, Gradual, Alleluia Verse, and Offertory Verse. Many of the Proper portions of the liturgy musically choices are proclaimed , and Resch explores musical in the context of our Lutheran identity as a confessional, sacramental, and liturgical church. He 3 The Good Shepherd Institute leads the church musician and pastor through a careful planning process that results in “a Divine Service [that] flow[s] from one reinforcing element to another in all of the words and notes. .” The sermon too may be considered a “proper” portion of the Divine Service. In his essay, “Preaching in the Divine Service,” William Cwirla notes that “The liturgical preacher is under the salutary discipline of the lectionary, which frees both him and his hearers from the tyranny of the immediate and urgent.” In a broader way Cwirla considers preaching in the context of the Scriptures, the Lutheran Confessions, and the Divine Service. He concludes his essay by considering “The Point of Preaching: Life in death Death in Life,” noting that “ is the theme of the Scriptures. Preaching the Gospel is submersion in the death of Jesus.” In “Taking the Divine Service into the Week: Liturgy and Vocation” John Pless Deutsche draws on Martin Luther’s Post-Communion Collect from his 1526 Messe , suggesting that this Collect “is the hinge that connects God’s service to us in the Sacrament with our service to the neighbor in the world.” Pless adds that “Luther’s understanding of vocation is consistent with his liturgical theology. God serves us sacramentally in the Divine Service as we receive His benefactions by faith, and we serve God sacrificially as we give ourselves to the neighbor in love.” As a music educator and children’s choir director Barbara Resch considers the topic “Children in Worship: A Place to Grow.” She notes that “the Divine Service is offered to an intergenerational community” and demonstrates that the what Divine Service shapes children by teaching them they need to learn and teaching children who they are. She points out that in the Divine Service children “are learning about their relationship to their God, they are saying the words He has given them to say, and they are beginning to practice a lifelong habit that will grow in richness as they grow intellectually, emotionally, and physically.” Paul Hofreiter provides an essay on “Bach and the Divine Service: The B- Minor Mass.” Hofreiter writes: “While this work was not composed for liturgical use in its final form, it is a picture or portrayal of the liturgy, and the listener is even drawn to the never-ending heavenly liturgy. The ‘not-yet’ of eternity is present in this work, but so too is the ‘now’ of the human condition. Thus theological counterpoint is interlaced throughout the Mass, offering the listener glimpses of both inaugurated and realized eschatology.” Finally, Pastor Mark Sell and Kantor Kevin Hildebrand discuss the topic of “building a parish team,” a team that makes careful planning and preparation for the Divine Service one of its highest priorities. Sell draws on Luther’s two- kingdom theology to assist the pastor in conceptualizing how to build a parish team that finds its common understanding in the theology of the Divine Service: “. the pastor must work on his leadership skills (left-hand [kingdom]) to bring the people together (left hand) to work through (left hand) the theology (right hand, catechesis).” Hildebrand too notes that “The pastor and church musician 4 Foreword must be united in theology” and that “the pastor and church musician must have respect for the distinction of each other’s vocations.” These writers combine to explore the Divine Service in its theological and musical dimensions, its conceptual and practical implications. The Good Shepherd Institute of Concordia Theological Seminary offers these essays to the Church in the hope that the Church’s understanding of the Divine Service and of Christ’s gifts in liturgy will thereby be deepened and enriched. Daniel Zager Editor 5 6 All Saints’ Choral Vespers Sermon November 4, 2001 Dean O. Wenthe race, mercy, and peace be yours from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ. Our text for All Saints’ reflection is the first lesson with Gparticular focus on Revelation 22:1–5. Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as a crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb down the middle of the great street of the city. On each side of the river stood the tree of life, bearing twelve crops of fruit, yielding its fruit every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations. No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of the lamb will be in the city and his servants will serve him. They will see his face and his name will be on their foreheads. There will be no more night. They will not need the light of a lamp or the light of the sun, for the Lord God will shine upon them. And they will reign forever and ever. So far God’s holy Word. Evil. If there have been recent times when it seemed as though evil were abstract, limited in its impact and significance, we all now know better. Remember when prosperity and affluence seemed to be a given. Acquisition, consumption, self-absorption and endless entertainment—lulled much of Western culture into a false reading of the world.