Sailors’ Work/Rest Schedule and Fatigue on a Canadian Patrol Frigate During Exercise Trident Fury 2015 Wenbi Wang, PhD Renee Chow, PhD Henry Peng, PhD Fethi Bouak, PhD Matthew Lamb Ken Ueno DRDC – Toronto Research Centre Defence Research and Development Canada Scientific Report DRDC-RDDC-2017-R048 June 2017 Template in use: © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2017 © Sa Majesté la Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2017 Abstract Sailors’ work, rest schedules and fatigue were collected onboard of the Her Majesty’s Canadian Ship (HMCS) Calgary during the 10-day Exercise Trident Fury 2015 for supporting the validation of sleep and fatigue prediction algorithms to be implemented in naval crewing analysis software, the Simulation for Crew Optimization and Risk Evaluation (SCORE). This report summarises the data analysis that was focused on the distribution of sailors’ daily times on various on-duty and off-duty activities, as well as the fluctuation of their fatigue throughout the exercise. The results identified distinctively different patterns of sleep for 1-in-2, 1-in-3 watch-standers and non-watch standers. Averaged across participants from all five ship departments, a moderate level of fatigue was observed during the exercise. Results from this analysis provide a benchmark for validating the sleep and fatigue prediction algorithms. Significance to Defence and Security SCORE is a bespoke crew modeling software developed by Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) for the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN). This report summarises the analysis of sailors’ work, rest schedules and fatigue during an at-sea trial. The results will be used to validate two key algorithms in SCORE, which is critical for generating robust crewing solutions for future RCN platforms. DRDC-RDDC-2017-R048 i Résumé On a recueilli des données sur les horaires de travail et les périodes de repos, ainsi que sur l’état de fatigue des marins à bord du Navire canadien de Sa Majesté (NCSM) Calgary au cours de l’exercice de 10 jours Trident Fury 2015. Cet exercice venait appuyer la validation des algorithmes de prédiction du sommeil et de la fatigue à intégrer au logiciel d’analyse de l’armement en équipage des navires, l’outil de simulation pour l’optimisation de l’équipage et l’évaluation des risques (SCORE). Le présent rapport résume l’analyse des données qui était axée sur la répartition du temps consacré chaque jour par les marins à diverses activités en service et hors-service, ainsi que sur les variations de leur état de fatigue pendant l’exercice. Selon les résultats obtenus, les habitudes de sommeil des marins de quart par bordée ou par tiers et de ceux qui ne suivent pas un régime de quart sont nettement différentes. On a observé un niveau de fatigue modéré durant l’exercice parmi les participants des cinq services du navire. Les résultats de l’analyse fournissent un point de référence pour la validation des algorithmes de prédiction du sommeil et de la fatigue. Importance pour la défense et la sécurité L’outil SCORE est un logiciel sur mesure de modélisation d’équipage élaboré par Recherche et développement pour la défense Canada (RDDC) à l’intention de la Marine royale canadienne (MRC). Le présent rapport résume l’analyse des données recueillies sur les horaires de travail et les périodes de repos, ainsi que sur l’état de fatigue des marins lors d’un essai en mer. Les résultats serviront à valider deux algorithmes clés du logiciel SCORE, lesquels sont essentiels à l’élaboration de solutions fermes d’armement en équipage pour les futures plateformes de la MRC. ii DRDC-RDDC-2017-R048 Table of Contents Abstract ................................. i Significance to Defence and Security ...................... i Résumé ................................ ii Importance pour la défense et la sécurité .................... ii Table of Contents ............................ iii List of Figures ............................. vi List of Tables .............................. vii Acknowledgements ........................... ix 1 Introduction ............................. 1 1.1 SCORE and DRDC Fatigue Model .................. 1 1.2 Ex Trident Fury 2015 and Two Research Studies ............. 1 1.3 Study Purpose .......................... 2 2 Methodology ............................ 3 2.1 Participants ........................... 3 2.2 Activity Logs .......................... 4 2.3 Data Collection ......................... 6 3 Results and Discussions ........................ 7 3.1 Global Overview Across All Departments ............... 7 3.2 Combat Department (CBT) ..................... 9 3.2.1 On-Duty Activities ..................... 11 3.2.1.1 Watch ...................... 11 3.2.1.2 Administration ................... 11 3.2.1.3 Maintenance .................... 11 3.2.1.4 Evolution ..................... 12 3.2.1.5 Other ....................... 12 3.2.2 Off-Duty Activities ..................... 12 3.2.2.1 Sleep ....................... 12 3.2.2.2 Personal ...................... 13 3.2.2.3 Messing ...................... 13 3.2.3 Fatigue Ratings ...................... 13 3.2.4 Actigraphic Sleep and Work Assignment Data for Watch Standers .... 16 3.3 Combat Systems Engineering Department (CSE) ............. 17 3.3.1 On-Duty Activities ..................... 18 3.3.1.1 Watch ...................... 18 3.3.1.2 Administration ................... 18 3.3.1.3 Maintenance .................... 18 3.3.1.4 Evolution ..................... 19 DRDC-RDDC-2017-R048 iii 3.3.1.5 Other ....................... 19 3.3.2 Off-Duty Activities ..................... 19 3.3.2.1 Sleep ....................... 19 3.3.2.2 Personal ...................... 19 3.3.2.3 Messing ...................... 20 3.3.3 Fatigue Ratings ...................... 20 3.3.4 Actigraphic Sleep and Work Assignment Data for Watch Standers .... 22 3.4 Deck Department (Deck) ...................... 23 3.4.1 On-Duty Activities ..................... 24 3.4.1.1 Watch ...................... 24 3.4.1.2 Administration ................... 24 3.4.1.3 Maintenance .................... 24 3.4.1.4 Evolution ..................... 24 3.4.1.5 Other ....................... 25 3.4.2 Off-Duty Activities ..................... 25 3.4.2.1 Sleep ....................... 25 3.4.2.2 Personal ...................... 25 3.4.2.3 Messing ...................... 25 3.4.3 Fatigue Ratings ...................... 26 3.4.4 Actigraphic Sleep and Work Assignment Data for Watch Standers .... 28 3.5 Logistics Department (LOG) .................... 29 3.5.1 On-Duty Activities ..................... 30 3.5.1.1 Watch ...................... 30 3.5.1.2 Administration ................... 30 3.5.1.3 Maintenance .................... 30 3.5.1.4 Evolution ..................... 30 3.5.1.5 Other ....................... 30 3.5.2 Off-Duty Activities ..................... 30 3.5.2.1 Sleep ....................... 30 3.5.2.2 Personal ...................... 31 3.5.2.3 Messing ...................... 31 3.5.3 Fatigue Ratings ...................... 31 3.6 Marine Systems Engineering Department (MSE) ............. 33 3.6.1 On-Duty Activities ..................... 34 3.6.1.1 Watch ...................... 34 3.6.1.2 Administration ................... 34 3.6.1.3 Maintenance .................... 34 3.6.1.4 Evolution ..................... 34 3.6.1.5 Other ....................... 34 3.6.2 Off-Duty Activities ..................... 34 3.6.2.1 Sleep ....................... 34 iv DRDC-RDDC-2017-R048 3.6.2.2 Personal .......... ............. 35 3.6.2.3 Messing .......... ............. 35 3.6.3 Fatigue Ratings .......... ............. 35 3.6.4 Actigraphic Sleep and Work Assignment Data for Watch Standers .... 36 3.7 Limitations of this Study .......... ............. 37 4 Conclusions . ................ ............. 39 4.1 Summary of Findings ........... ............. 39 4.2 Future Work .............. ............. 41 References . ................ ............. 43 Annex A Work, Rest and Fatigue Log . ...... ............. 45 Annex B Work Activity Assignment Log . ...... ............. 47 List of Symbols/Abbreviations/Acronyms/Initialisms . ............. 49 DRDC-RDDC-2017-R048 v List of Figures Figure 1: Daily activity durations across all departments, obtained from self-reported logs. ............................... 8 Figure 2: Average daily fatigue ratings across the 9-day trial. ............ 9 Figure 3: The distribution of average daily activity times in the CBT department. ... 10 Figure 4: Fatigue profiles for non-watch standers (top), port watch (middle), and stbd watch (bottom) in the CBT department. ................ 15 Figure 5: Average fatigue rating for three watch groups in the CBT department. ... 16 Figure 6: The distribution of average daily activity times in the CSE department. ... 17 Figure 7: Fatigue profiles for non-watch standers (top), port watch (middle), and stbd watch (bottom) in the CSE department. ................ 21 Figure 8: Average fatigue rating for three groups in the CSE department. ...... 22 Figure 9: The distribution of average daily activity times in the Deck department. ... 23 Figure 10: Fatigue profiles for non-watch standers (top), port watch (middle), and stbd watch (bottom) in the Deck department. ................ 27 Figure 11: Average fatigue rating for three watch groups in the Deck department. ... 28 Figure 12: The distribution of average daily activity times in the LOG department. ... 29 Figure 13: Fatigue profiles for non-watch standers in the LOG department. ...... 32