UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GREAT LAKES NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICE 77 WEST JACKSON BOULEVARD CHICAGO, IL 60604-3590 Stephen Galarneau, Director Office of Great Waters – Great Lakes & Mississippi River Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources PO Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707-7921 Dear Mr. Galarneau: Thank you for your April 13, 2020 request to remove the Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor Beneficial Use Impairment (BUI) from the Lower Green Bay and Fox River Area of Concern (AOC) located in Green Bay, WI. As you know, we share your desire to restore all the Great Lakes AOCs and to formally delist them. Based upon a review of your submittal and supporting information, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approves your request to remove this BUI from the Lower Green Bay and Fox River AOC. EPA will notify the International Joint Commission (IJC) of this significant positive environmental change at this AOC. We congratulate you and your staff as well as the many federal, state and local partners who have been instrumental in achieving this environmental improvement. Removal of this BUI will benefit not only the people who live and work in the AOC, but all residents of Wisconsin and the Great Lakes basin as well. We look forward to the continuation of this important and productive relationship with your agency as we work together to delist this AOC in the years to come. If you have any further questions, please contact me at (312) 353-8320 or your staff can contact Leah Medley at (312) 886-1307. Sincerely, Digitally signed by CHRISTOPHER CHRISTOPHER KORLESKI Date: 2020.04.28 14:23:20 KORLESKI -05'00' Chris Korleski, Director Great Lakes National Program Office cc: Briana Kupsky, WDNR Kendra Axness, WDNR Raj Bejankiwar, IJC State of Wisconsin DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Tony Evers, Governor 101 S. Webster Street Preston Cole, Secretary Box 7921 Madison WI 53707-7921 Telephone 608-267-7556 Toll Free 1-888-936-7463 TTY Access via relay - 711 April 13, 2020 Mr. Chris Korleski, Director Great Lakes National Program Office U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5 77 West Jackson Boulevard Chicago IL 60604 Subject: Removal of the suspected Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor Beneficial Use Impairment in the Lower Green Bay & Fox River Area of Concern Dear Mr. Korleski: I am writing to request the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Great Lakes National Program Office's (GLNPO's) concurrence with the removal of the suspected Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor Beneficial Use Impairment (BUI) in the Lower Green Bay & Fox River Area of Concern. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) has assessed the status of the suspected Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor BUI relative to the rationale for its “suspected” designation, as no delisting target was established in 2008. Additionally, WDNR presents the results of an angler survey, natural resource and health official inquiries, and stakeholder support in the official removal of this suspected BUI. WDNR conducted a public review of the recommendation, including consultation with AOC stakeholders and technical experts in a 30-day public comment period. Comments received during the public review have been addressed. Please find enclosed the Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor Beneficial Use Impairment Removal Recommendation document, prepared by WDNR, which provides documentation to support this recommendation. We value our continuing partnership in the AOC Program and look forward to working closely with GLNPO in the removal of BUIs and the delisting of Wisconsin's AOCs. If you need additional information, please contact Brie Kupsky, WDNR, 920-662-5465 or you may contact me. Sincerely, Stephen Galarneau, Director Office of Great Waters - Great Lakes & Mississippi River Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 608-266-1956 [email protected] dnr.wi.gov wisconsin.gov Page 2 Enclosures cc: Sue Virgilio, U.S. EPA Leah Medley, U.S. EPA Amy Pelka, U.S. EPA Marc Tuchman, U.S. EPA Kendra Axness, Wisconsin DNR Rebecca Fedak, Wisconsin DNR Brie Kupsky, Wisconsin DNR Lower Green Bay & Fox River Area of Concern Beneficial Use Impairment Removal Recommendation: Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor Submitted to: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes National Program Office 77 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, IL 60604 By: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources April 2020 Lower Green Bay & Fox River AOC BUI Removal Recommendation April 2020 Acknowledgements Prepared by: Brie Kupsky, Lower Green Bay & Fox River AOC Coordinator Office of Great Waters Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources would like to acknowledge the support provided by the Lower Green Bay & Fox River Area of Concern (AOC) stakeholders in the development of the Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor Beneficial Use Impairment Removal Recommendation Document. Your local input and associated efforts were an invaluable part of the process to remove the AOC’s first beneficial use impairment and reflects the incredible ongoing efforts that will enable us to continue forging the path to delisting. Photo Credit: Christopher Rand Disclaimer The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) is a non-regulatory agreement between the United States and Canada, and criteria developed under its auspices are non-regulatory. i Lower Green Bay & Fox River AOC BUI Removal Recommendation April 2020 Executive Summary In 1987, the lower Green Bay and Fox River was designated as an AOC under the GLWQA, encompassing the last 7 miles of the lower Fox River and 21 mi2 of the lower bay of Green Bay. The AOC designation was primarily due to the existence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) present in sediment and water quality issues stemming from a heavily industrialized Fox River and nutrient inputs from the watershed, resulting in an aquatic environment toxic to human, fish, and wildlife health. In 1993, eleven confirmed and two suspected beneficial use impairments (BUIs) were identified in the AOC in the Remedial Action Plan (RAP) Update. Tainting of Fish and Wildlife Flavor was listed as one of two suspected BUIs because taste and odor complaints of fish harvested from the Lower Fox River (below the De Pere Dam) were reported to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). No anecdotal or published sources found suggested that wildlife harvested within the AOC boundaries had tainted flavor or odor issues, therefore this document focuses solely on the tainting of fish flavor and/or odor. Various federal and state water quality policies, local initiatives, and alterations to pulp and paper-making processes were implemented in the 1970-90s to ensure that water quality standards for flavor tainting substances were met. Following these reductions in point source pollution to AOC waters, the WDNR developed a direct assessment of this BUI to resolve whether the flavor tainting impairment could be confirmed to be present or if removal of the BUI could move forward. The results of the 2013 survey indicated that over 70% of anglers rated fish flavor and smell as “good” or “excellent”, and no “poor” flavor or taste ratings were given to any of the fish types/categories harvested from the AOC. The results of this assessment were presented to AOC stakeholders in 2017 and they concurred with WDNR that no additional assessments or management actions be established and instead, a removal recommendation be developed. WDNR discussed the recommended strategy with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO), including senior managers who agreed to this approach. WDNR also inquired about complaints regarding flavor tainting in fish and/or wildlife to various local agencies and professionals who were likely to have received such complaints, none of which reported receiving any complaints or finding historical complaint documentations. Given the water quality improvements, results from a survey assessment, local stakeholder recommendations, and professional inquiry, this BUI removal recommendation is submitted by the WDNR Office of Great Waters (OGW) and supported by AOC stakeholders. ii Lower Green Bay & Fox River AOC BUI Removal Recommendation April 2020 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. i Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. ii Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ iv Background ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Rationale for Suspected BUI Listing Designation ........................................................................... 3 Potential Sources of Compounds Producing