Oracle R VM VirtualBox R User Manual Version 6.1.0_RC1 c 2004-2019 Oracle Corporation http://www.virtualbox.org Contents Preface i 1 First Steps 1 1.1 Why is Virtualization Useful?.............................2 1.2 Some Terminology..................................2 1.3 Features Overview..................................3 1.4 Supported Host Operating Systems.........................5 1.5 Host CPU Requirements...............................6 1.6 Installing Oracle VM VirtualBox and Extension Packs...............6 1.7 Starting Oracle VM VirtualBox............................7 1.8 Creating Your First Virtual Machine.........................8 1.9 Running Your Virtual Machine............................ 11 1.9.1 Starting a New VM for the First Time................... 12 1.9.2 Capturing and Releasing Keyboard and Mouse.............. 12 1.9.3 Typing Special Characters.......................... 13 1.9.4 Changing Removable Media........................ 14 1.9.5 Resizing the Machine’s Window...................... 14 1.9.6 Saving the State of the Machine...................... 15 1.10 Using VM Groups................................... 16 1.11 Snapshots....................................... 17 1.11.1 Taking, Restoring, and Deleting Snapshots................ 17 1.11.2 Snapshot Contents............................. 18 1.12 Virtual Machine Configuration............................ 19 1.13 Removing and Moving Virtual Machines...................... 19 1.14 Cloning Virtual Machines............................... 20 1.15 Importing and Exporting Virtual Machines..................... 21 1.15.1 About the OVF Format........................... 21 1.15.2 Importing an Appliance in OVF Format.................. 22 1.15.3 Exporting an Appliance in OVF Format.................. 23 1.15.4 Exporting an Appliance to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.......... 24 1.15.5 Importing an instance from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure......... 25 1.15.6 The Cloud Profile Manager......................... 27 1.16 Global Settings.................................... 28 1.17 Alternative Front-Ends................................ 29 2 Installation Details 30 2.1 Installing on Windows Hosts............................. 30 2.1.1 Prerequisites................................. 30 2.1.2 Performing the Installation......................... 30 2.1.3 Uninstallation................................ 32 2.1.4 Unattended Installation........................... 32 2.1.5 Public Properties.............................. 32 2.2 Installing on Mac OS X Hosts............................. 33 2.2.1 Performing the Installation......................... 33 2.2.2 Uninstallation................................ 33 2.2.3 Unattended Installation........................... 33 2 Contents 2.3 Installing on Linux Hosts............................... 33 2.3.1 Prerequisites................................. 33 2.3.2 The Oracle VM VirtualBox Driver Modules................ 34 2.3.3 Performing the Installation......................... 34 2.3.4 The vboxusers Group............................ 38 2.3.5 Starting Oracle VM VirtualBox on Linux.................. 38 2.4 Installing on Oracle Solaris Hosts.......................... 38 2.4.1 Performing the Installation......................... 38 2.4.2 The vboxuser Group............................. 39 2.4.3 Starting Oracle VM VirtualBox on Oracle Solaris............. 39 2.4.4 Uninstallation................................ 39 2.4.5 Unattended Installation........................... 39 2.4.6 Configuring a Zone for Running Oracle VM VirtualBox.......... 40 3 Configuring Virtual Machines 41 3.1 Supported Guest Operating Systems......................... 41 3.1.1 Mac OS X Guests.............................. 42 3.1.2 64-bit Guests................................. 43 3.2 Unattended Guest Installation............................ 44 3.2.1 An Example of Unattended Guest Installation............... 44 3.3 Emulated Hardware.................................. 46 3.4 General Settings.................................... 46 3.4.1 Basic Tab................................... 46 3.4.2 Advanced Tab................................ 47 3.4.3 Description Tab............................... 47 3.4.4 Disk Encryption Tab............................. 48 3.5 System Settings.................................... 48 3.5.1 Motherboard Tab.............................. 48 3.5.2 Processor Tab................................ 50 3.5.3 Acceleration Tab............................... 50 3.6 Display Settings.................................... 51 3.6.1 Screen Tab.................................. 51 3.6.2 Remote Display Tab............................. 52 3.6.3 Recording Tab................................ 52 3.7 Storage Settings.................................... 53 3.8 Audio Settings..................................... 55 3.9 Network Settings................................... 55 3.10 Serial Ports...................................... 55 3.11 USB Support...................................... 57 3.11.1 USB Settings................................. 57 3.11.2 Implementation Notes for Windows and Linux Hosts........... 59 3.12 Shared Folders..................................... 59 3.13 User Interface..................................... 59 3.14 Alternative Firmware (EFI).............................. 59 3.14.1 Video Modes in EFI............................. 60 3.14.2 Specifying Boot Arguments......................... 63 4 Guest Additions 64 4.1 Introduction to Guest Additions........................... 64 4.2 Installing and Maintaining Guest Additions..................... 65 4.2.1 Guest Additions for Windows........................ 65 4.2.2 Guest Additions for Linux.......................... 68 4.2.3 Guest Additions for Oracle Solaris..................... 70 4.2.4 Guest Additions for OS/2.......................... 71 3 Contents 4.3 Shared Folders..................................... 71 4.3.1 Manual Mounting.............................. 72 4.3.2 Automatic Mounting............................ 73 4.4 Drag and Drop..................................... 74 4.4.1 Supported Formats............................. 75 4.4.2 Known Limitations............................. 76 4.5 Hardware-Accelerated Graphics........................... 76 4.5.1 Hardware 3D Acceleration (OpenGL and Direct3D 8/9)......... 76 4.5.2 Hardware 2D Video Acceleration for Windows Guests.......... 77 4.6 Seamless Windows.................................. 77 4.7 Guest Properties.................................... 78 4.7.1 Using Guest Properties to Wait on VM Events............... 80 4.8 Guest Control File Manager............................. 80 4.8.1 Using the Guest Control File Manager................... 81 4.9 Guest Control of Applications............................ 81 4.10 Memory Overcommitment.............................. 82 4.10.1 Memory Ballooning............................. 82 4.10.2 Page Fusion................................. 83 5 Virtual Storage 85 5.1 Hard Disk Controllers: IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, SAS, USB MSD, NVMe..... 85 5.2 Disk Image Files (VDI, VMDK, VHD, HDD)..................... 88 5.3 The Virtual Media Manager............................. 89 5.4 Special Image Write Modes.............................. 91 5.5 Differencing Images.................................. 92 5.6 Cloning Disk Images................................. 94 5.7 Host Input/Output Caching............................. 95 5.8 Limiting Bandwidth for Disk Images......................... 95 5.9 CD/DVD Support................................... 96 5.10 iSCSI Servers..................................... 97 5.11 vboximg-mount: A Utility for FUSE Mounting a Virtual Disk Image........ 97 5.11.1 Viewing Detailed Information About a Virtual Disk Image........ 98 5.11.2 Mounting a Virtual Disk Image....................... 99 6 Virtual Networking 100 6.1 Virtual Networking Hardware............................ 100 6.2 Introduction to Networking Modes......................... 101 6.3 Network Address Translation (NAT)......................... 102 6.3.1 Configuring Port Forwarding with NAT.................. 102 6.3.2 PXE Booting with NAT........................... 103 6.3.3 NAT Limitations............................... 104 6.4 Network Address Translation Service........................ 104 6.5 Bridged Networking.................................. 105 6.6 Internal Networking................................. 106 6.7 Host-Only Networking................................ 107 6.8 UDP Tunnel Networking............................... 108 6.9 VDE Networking................................... 109 6.10 Limiting Bandwidth for Network Input/Output................... 110 6.11 Improving Network Performance.......................... 111 7 Remote Virtual Machines 112 7.1 Remote Display (VRDP Support)........................... 112 7.1.1 Common Third-Party RDP Viewers..................... 112 7.1.2 VBoxHeadless, the Remote Desktop Server................ 114 4 Contents 7.1.3 Step by Step: Creating a Virtual Machine on a Headless Server..... 115 7.1.4 Remote USB................................. 116 7.1.5 RDP Authentication............................. 117 7.1.6 RDP Encryption............................... 118 7.1.7 Multiple Connections to the VRDP Server................. 119 7.1.8 Multiple Remote Monitors......................... 119 7.1.9 VRDP Video Redirection.......................... 119 7.1.10 VRDP Customization............................ 120 7.2 Teleporting...................................... 120 7.3 VBoxHeadless..................................... 121 8 VBoxManage 124 8.1 Introduction.....................................