МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ КАФЕДРА ФАРМАКОЛОГИИ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ PHARMACOLOGY Практикум для специальности «Лечебное дело» 5-е издание, переработанное Минск БГМУ 2020 2 УДК 615(076.5)(075.8)-054.6 ББК 52.81я73 Ф24 Рекомендовано Научно-методическим советом университета в качестве практикума 29.05.2020 г., протокол № 9 А в т о р ы: проф. Н. А. Бизунок, проф. Б. В. Дубовик, доц. Б. А. Волынец, доц. А. В. Волчек Р е ц е н з е н т ы: д-р мед. наук, проф. А. В. Хапалюк; д-р. мед. наук, проф. А. И. Волотовский Фармакология = Pharmacology : практикум для специальности «Лечебное дело» / Ф24 Н. А. Бизунок [и др.]. – 5-е изд., перераб. – Минск : БГМУ, 2020. – 156 с. ISBN 978-985-21-0643-6. Содержит методические рекомендации для подготовки к лабораторным занятиям по фармакологии и задания для самостоятельной работы студентов, обучающихся по специальности 1-79 01 01 «Лечебное дело». Первое издание вышло в 2016 году. Предназначен для студентов 3-го курса медицинского факультета иностранных учащихся, изучающих фармакологию на английском языке. УДК 615(076.5)(075.8)-054.6 ББК 52.81я73 ISBN 978-985-21-0643-6 © УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет», 2020 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 GENERAL PRESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................ 8 LESSON 1. INTRODUCTION. PRESCRIPTION. SOLID MEDICINAL FORMS ....................................................... 8 LESSON 2. LIQUID MEDICINAL FORMS ................................................................................................................. 11 LESSON 3. MEDICINAL FORMS FOR INJECTIONS. SOFT MEDICINAL FORMS .............................................. 14 GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 19 LESSON 4. PHARMACOKINETICS OF DRUGS. PART I ........................................................................................ 19 LESSON 5. PHARMACOKINETICS OF DRUGS. PART II ....................................................................................... 22 LESSON 6. PHARMACODYNAMICS OF DRUGS .................................................................................................... 26 LESSON 7. FINAL LESSON ON GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND GENERAL PRESCRIPTION .................. 28 SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 30 DRUGS AFFECTING PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 31 LESSON 8. CHOLINOMIMETIC AND ANTICHOLINESTERASE DRUGS ............................................................ 31 LESSON 9. CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST (ANTICHOLINERGIC) DRUGS ........................................................ 33 LESSON 10. ADRENERGIC DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 35 LESSON 11. ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS (ANTIADRENERGIC) DRUGS ...................................................... 36 LESSON 12. DRUGS AFFECTING AFFERENT NERVES ENDINGS ...................................................................... 39 FINAL LESSON ON DRUGS AFFECTING PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................................................... 41 DRUGS AFFECTING THE FUNCTIONS OF EFFECTOR ORGANS AND SYSTEMS ............................................ 43 LESSON 13. DIURETIC DRUGS ................................................................................................................................. 43 LESSON 14. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS ............................................................................................................ 45 LESSON 15. ANTIANGINAL AND OTHER ANTIISCHEMIC DRUGS. HYPOLIPIDEMIC DRUGS ................... 49 LESSON 16. DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ......................................................... 52 LESSON 17. ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS ............................................................................................................... 55 LESSON 18. FINAL LESSON ON DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND KIDNEY RENAL FUNCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 LESSON 19. DRUGS AFFECTING BLOOD SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 60 TOPIC FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDY. VITAMIN DRUGS ........................................................................................... 63 DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM .................................................................................... 64 LESSON 20. GENERAL ANESTHETICS. ETHYL ALCOHOL. ANTICONVULSANTS ........................................ 64 LESSON 21. ANALGETIC DRUGS ............................................................................................................................. 67 LESSON 22. PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS. PART I ....................................................................................................... 69 LESSON 23. PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS. PART II ...................................................................................................... 72 DRUGS CONTROLLING METABOLIC AND IMMUNE DISORDERS .................................................................... 75 LESSON 24. HORMONAL AND ANTIHORMONAL DRUGS. PART I ................................................................... 75 LESSON 25. HORMONAL AND ANTIHORMONAL DRUGS PART II ................................................................... 78 LESSON 26. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-GOUT DRUGS ........................................................................ 81 LESSON 27. ANTIALLERGIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING DRUGS ................................................................ 83 CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ................................................................................................................................. 85 LESSONS 28, 29. ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS. ANTIBIOTICS ................................................................................. 85 LESSON 30. SYNTHETIC ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS ............................................................................................. 91 LESSON 31. ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS .................................................................... 93 LESSON 32. ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTIVIRAL DRUGS .................................................................................. 96 TOPICS FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDY. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS. ANTICANCER DRUGS ............. 99 LESSON 33. FINAL LESSON ON CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ..................................................................... 101 LESSON 34. DRUGS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ....................................................................... 106 LESSON 35. DRUGS AFFECTING THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. PART I ................................................ 109 LESSON 36. DRUGS AFFECTING THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. PART II .............................................. 112 LESSON 37. DRUG-TO-DRUG INTERACTION ....................................................................................................... 114 TOPIC FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDY. PRINCIPLES OF THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE DRUG POISONING. EMERGENCY AID DRUGS ........................................................................................................................................ 115 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS .................................................................................................................................... 117 LITERATURE TO STUDY .......................................................................................................................................... 127 APPENDIX 1. GENERAL PRESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................... 128 APPENDIX 2. BRIEF REFERENCE INFORMATION ON THE MAIN DRUGS OF VARIOUS PHARMATHERAPEUTIC GROUPS .......................................................................................................................... 143 APPENDIX 3.EXAMPLES OF WRITING OUT PRESCRIPTIONS FOR VARIOUS MEDICINAL FORMS ......... 152 4 INTRODUCTION This study guide is elaborated in accordance with the requirements of the Curriculum in Pharmacology for medical universities and composed for the student's individual work. The guide contains three parts: General Prescription, General Pharmacology and Special Pharmacology. The part General Prescription contains the rules of making a prescription and writing out a prescription of some medicinal forms. Pharmacology course begins with this section. General Pharmacology studies the principles of medicinal substances actions on human and animal organisms at different levels (molecular, cellular, systemic) — pharmacodynamics as well as general regularities of absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of medicinal substances — pharmacokinetics. This part of the guide contains practical tasks consolidating the knowledge of pharmacokinetic quantitative regularities and drugs dosage