EnergyEnergy efficiencyefficiency trendstrends inin MediterraneanMediterranean countriescountries MED-IEE Project : Energy Efficiency Indicators for Mediterranean countries Report prepared by the MEDENER Network April 2014 Report prepared by Enerdata for the MEDENER Network in collaboration with Alcor, ANME, ADEREE, APRUE and ALMEE Any reproduction of this document, even partial, should quote the source Medener Energy efficiency trends in Mediterranean countries Table of contents 0. List of graphs..........................................................................................................................................................................II 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................8 1.1. Presentation of the MEDENER project on energy efficiency Indicators .............................8 1.2. Objectives and content.....................................................................................................................................10 1.3. Data sources............................................................................................................................................................11 1.4. Conclusions and recommendations..........................................................................................................12 2. Energy efficiency context..........................................................................................................................................13 2.1. Challenges and objectives of energy efficiency policies ...............................................................13 2.2. Trends in energy consumption.....................................................................................................................14 2.2.1. Primary energy consumption ........................................................................................................14 2.2.2. Final consumption.................................................................................................................................16 2.3. Global trends in energy efficiency: primary and final intensity ................................................19 Table of contents Table 3. Energy efficiency trends in the energy sector.........................................................................................25 4. Energy efficiency trends for households......................................................................................................28 4.1. Trends in consumption and households profile.................................................................................28 4.2. Thermal uses............................................................................................................................................................34 4.2.1. Energy efficiency policies in force...............................................................................................34 4.2.2. Captive electricity uses: electrical appliances, lighting and air conditioning.....41 4.2.3. Air conditioning .....................................................................................................................................44 5. Energy efficiency in transport...............................................................................................................................45 5.1. Trends in consumption......................................................................................................................................45 5.2. Road transport.......................................................................................................................................................47 5.2.1. Cars ...............................................................................................................................................................50 5.2.2. Trucks ...........................................................................................................................................................52 5.3. Air transport............................................................................................................................................................53 6. Energy efficiency in industry ..................................................................................................................................54 6.1. Consumption patterns.......................................................................................................................................54 6.2. Sectoral intensities ...............................................................................................................................................56 6.3. Impact of structural changes in manufacturing ..................................................................................58 6.4. Specific consumption of intensive industries: case of cement..................................................58 7. Energy efficiency in services...................................................................................................................................60 7.1. Overall trends .........................................................................................................................................................60 7.2. Unit consumption by branch.........................................................................................................................64 7.2.1. Tourism........................................................................................................................................................64 7.2.2. Health sector...........................................................................................................................................65 8. Energy efficiency in agriculture............................................................................................................................66 8.1. Overall trends .........................................................................................................................................................66 8.2. Indicators by branch ...........................................................................................................................................68 8.2.1. Agriculture.................................................................................................................................................68 8.2.2. Fishing...........................................................................................................................................................70 9. Bibliography and References ..................................................................................................................................71 10. Annex : Organization of the MEDENER project on energy efficiency indicators.....72 I Energy efficiency trends in Mediterranean countries List of graphs Figure 1: MEDENER, the Mediterranean Association of national agencies for energy conservation................................9 Figure 2: Organization of the data collection in southern countries......................................................................................11 Figure 3: Primary energy consumption and GDP (2010)...........................................................................................................14 Figure 4: Trends in primary consumption and GDP by sub-region .........................................................................................15 Figure 5: Primary energy consumption and GDP trends by country (%/year, 2000-2010) ...............................................15 Figure 6: Primary energy consumption by main sector (2010)................................................................................................16 Figure 7: Breakdown of final energy consumption by sector (2010)......................................................................................16 Figure 8: Breakdown of final consumption by energy source (2010) .....................................................................................17 Figure 9: Share of electricity in the final energy consumption .................................................................................................17 Figure 10: Electricity consumption per capita (electrified)........................................................................................................18 List List of graphs Figure 11: Final energy consumption and GDP per capita (2010)...........................................................................................19 Figure 12: Primary energy intensity: exchange rate versus purchasing power parity (2010)............................................20 Figure 13: Primary energy intensity trends (2000-2010) ...........................................................................................................21 Figure 14: Primary energy intensity trends (2008-2010) ...........................................................................................................21 Figure 15: Trends in primary and final energy intensity (2000-2010)......................................................................................22 Figure 16: Trends in final energy intensity: total and electricity (2000-2010)........................................................................22 Figure 17: Impact of structural