BioMed Research International Ocular Blood Flow and Visual Function Guest Editors: Goji Tomita, David Huang, Colm O’Brien, Ki Ho Park, and Toru Nakazawa Ocular Blood Flow and Visual Function BioMed Research International Ocular Blood Flow and Visual Function Guest Editors: Goji Tomita, David Huang, Colm O’Brien, Ki Ho Park, and Toru Nakazawa Copyright © òýÔ Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. is is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents Ocular Blood Flow and Visual Function, Goji Tomita, David Huang, Colm O’Brien, Ki Ho Park, and Toru Nakazawa Volume òýÔ , Article ID çÔÀò ¥, ò pages No Evidence for Retinal Damage Evolving from Reduced Retinal Blood Flow in Carotid Artery Disease, Henning Heßler, Hanna Zimmermann, Timm Oberwahrenbrock, Ella Maria Kadas, Janine Mikolajczak, Alexander U. Brandt, Andreas Kauert, Friedemann Paul, and Stephan J. Schreiber Volume òýÔ , Article ID âý¥ýò, pages Ocular Blood Flow and Normal Tension Glaucoma, Ning Fan, Pei Wang, Li Tang, and Xuyang Liu Volume òýÔ , Article ID çý ý , Þ pages Retrobulbar Hemodynamics and Visual Field Progression in Normal Tension Glaucoma: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study, D. Kuerten, M. Fuest, E. C. Koch, A. Koutsonas, and N. Plange Volume òýÔ , Article ID Ô ýÀÞ, Þ pages Systemic and Ocular Hemodynamic Risk Factors in Glaucoma, Jaewan Choi and Michael S. Kook Volume òýÔ , Article ID Ô¥ÔÀý , À pages e Changes of Retinal Saturation aer Long-Term Tamponade with Silicone Oil, Bingsheng Lou, Zhaohui Yuan, Liwen He, Lixia Lin, Qianying Gao, and Xiaofeng Lin Volume òýÔ , Article ID ÞÔçò, Þ pages Reproducibility of Neonate Ocular Circulation Measurements Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy, Tadashi Matsumoto, Takashi Itokawa, Tomoaki Shiba, Yuji Katayama, Tetsushi Arimura, Norio Mizukaki, Hitoshi Yoda, and Yuichi Hori Volume òýÔ , Article ID âÀçý â, â pages e Role of Systemic Arterial Stiness in Open-Angle Glaucoma with Diabetes Mellitus, Seong Hee Shim, Chan Yun Kim, Joon Mo Kim, Da Yeong Kim, Yang Jae Kim, Jeong Hun Bae, and Ki Chul Sung Volume òýÔ , Article ID ¥ò ç , pages Comparison of Ocular Pulse Amplitude Lowering Eects of Preservative-Free Tauprost and Preservative-Free Dorzolamide-Timolol Fixed Combination Eyedrops, Du Ri Seo and Seung Joo Ha Volume òýÔ , Article ID ¥ç Þ¥, â pages Evaluation of the Eect of Hypercapnia on Vascular Function in Normal Tension Glaucoma, B. Quill, E. Henry, E. Simon, and C. J. O’Brien Volume òýÔ , Article ID ¥ÔÔ À, ÔÔ pages Optical Coherence Tomography as a Tool for Ocular Dynamics Estimation, Damian Siedlecki, Waldemar Kowalik, and Henryk Kasprzak Volume òýÔ , Article ID òÀçâÀç, pages Detecting Blood Flow Response to Stimulation of the Human Eye, Alex D. Pechauer, David Huang, and Yali Jia Volume òýÔ , Article ID ÔòÔÀÞç, Ô¥ pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 319254, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/319254 Editorial Ocular Blood Flow and Visual Function Goji Tomita,1 David Huang,2 Colm O’Brien,3 Ki Ho Park,4 and Toru Nakazawa5 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Ohashi Medical Center, Toho University, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan 2Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA 3Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland 4Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea 5Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, Sendai 908-8574, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Goji Tomita; [email protected] Received 8 October 2015; Accepted 8 October 2015 Copyright © 2015 Goji Tomita et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Itisobviousthatoncebloodsupplytotheretina,choroids, imaging techniques to understand relationship between or optic nerve head is completely obstructed, severe visual retrobulbar hemodynamics and visual field progression in functional damages occur. Even without such significant normal tension glaucoma, evaluating differences in the vas- ocular blood flow insufficiency, ocular blood flow seemsto cular response to a hypercapnic stimulus between normal influence developing or deteriorating glaucomatous damages tension glaucoma patients and normal subjects, investigating as well as other retinal diseases. Recent advances in image theroleofsystemicarterialstiffnessevaluatedusingbrachial- analysis techniques have introduced new algorithms to study ankle pulse wave velocity in glaucoma patients with diabetes the retinal circulatory disturbances and the mechanisms mellitus, and comparing the ocular pulse amplitude lower- underlying their pathology. Knowledge and understanding of ing effects of preservative-free tafluprost and dorzolamide- these conditions may lead to successful therapies and provide timolol fixed combination using dynamic contour tonometry. better care to patients. For this purpose the continuing efforts Besides those of analyzing glaucoma and blood flow rela- to understand the role of ocular blood flow for developing tionship, the research papers dealing with detecting evidence retinal and optic nerve head pathology, the development of for retinal damage evolving from reduced retinal blood flow strategies to treat these conditions, and the evaluation of in carotid artery disease, evaluating the effects of long-term outcomes are important. tamponade with silicone oil on retinal saturation, and eval- Last year, we invited investigators to contribute original uating reproducibility of ocular circulation measurements research as well as review articles that address this field. using laser speckle flowgraphy in neonates are involved. We encourage manuscripts that will describe the new devel- The review described the present status of understand- opments of technologies for evaluating ocular blood flow, ing relationship between ocular blood flow and glaucoma, new insights into relationship between ocular circulatory including advancements in noninvasive imaging technolo- disturbances and visual function, blood flow and structure gies; those have led to the characterization of magnitude relationship, effects of intervention for ocular blood flow on andtimecourseinretinalbloodflowresponsetostimuli, disease progression, and current concepts in ocular blood describing systemic and ocular hemodynamic risk factors in flow and its relationship to extraocular determinants influ- glaucoma, and role of ocular blood flow in developing normal encing blood vessel itself or those of systemic factors such tension glaucoma. The papers sample the extraordinary as aging, nocturnal hypopressure, or cardiovascular disease. progress that has been made in the field. Today,weareveryhappytopublishthisspecialissueofthis Current research suggests that new developments will journal. continuetofollow.Particularimportancewillbegivento In this issue, original research and review articles are manuscripts that address the development of techniques for accepted. The research papers focused on using color Doppler evaluating systemic and ocular blood flow as well as those 2 BioMed Research International adopting such techniques for understanding blood flow and diseaserelationships.Ouraimistoshedlightonimportant knowledge gaps and to provoke thoughts for further research and the development of therapeutic strategies. Goji Tomita David Huang Colm O’Brien Ki Ho Park Toru Nakazawa Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 604028, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/604028 Research Article No Evidence for Retinal Damage Evolving from Reduced Retinal Blood Flow in Carotid Artery Disease Henning Heßler,1 Hanna Zimmermann,1 Timm Oberwahrenbrock,1 Ella Maria Kadas,1 Janine Mikolajczak,1 Alexander U. Brandt,1 Andreas Kauert,2 Friedemann Paul,1,3 and Stephan J. Schreiber3 1 NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charite-Universit´ atsmedizin¨ Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany 2Department of Neurology, Konigin-Elisabeth-Herzberge¨ Hospital, 10365 Berlin, Germany 3Department of Neurology, Charite-Universit´ atsmedizin¨ Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Henning Heßler; [email protected] Received 22 May 2015; Revised 24 June 2015; Accepted 25 June 2015 Academic Editor: Goji Tomita Copyright © 2015 Henning Heßler et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. Carotid artery disease (CAD) comprising high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) or carotid artery occlusion (CAO) may lead to ipsilateral impaired cerebral blood flow and reduced retinal blood supply. Objective. To examine the influence of chronic CAD on retinal blood flow, retinal morphology, and visual function. Methods. Patients with unilateral CAS ≥ 50% (ECST criteria) or CAO were grouped according to the grade of the stenosis and to the flow direction of the ophthalmic artery (OA). Retinal perfusion was measured by transorbital duplex ultrasound, assessing central retinal artery (CRA) blood flow velocities. In