Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2019; 7(6): 40-42 ISSN (E): 2320-3862 ISSN (P): 2394-0530 Incidence of associated fauna of lac insect Kerria NAAS Rating: 3.53 JMPS 2019; 7(6): 40-42 lacca (Kerr.) in rangeeni strain at Kanker district © 2019 JMPS Received: 28-09-2019 of Chhattisgarh Accepted: 30-10-2019 PK Netam College of Agriculture and PK Netam, HK Chandrakar and BP Katlam Research Station, Kanker, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract Incidence of associated fauna of lac insect Kerria lacca (Kerr.) in rangeeni strain was conducted during HK Chandrakar 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Kanker district of Chhattisgarh. In the present studied incidence of various insect IGKV, CoA, Raipur, associated with lac insect in rangeeni katki strain was recorded in rainy seasons in five blocks of Kanker Chhattisgarh, India district. It was indicating that the incidence of various insect viz. E. amabilis was recorded with peaked BP Katlam density (8.38 and 9.19/30 cm stick lac) on second fortnight of August and P. pulverea with peaked IGKV, CoA, Raipur, density (6.61 and 6.77 /30 cm stick lac) on first fortnight of September as major and Chrysopa. sp. was Chhattisgarh, India recorded as minor predators in rangeeni katki. Among the Parasitiods T. tachardiae was recorded with peaked density (7.17 and 7.38 /30 cm stick lac) as major potential parasitoids whereas A. purpureus, E. tachardiae and Parechthrodryinus clavicarnis was recorded as minor parasitoids and also recorded the beneficial fauna (Hyper-parasitoids) B. tachardiae, Pristomerus sulci and B. greeni in rangeeni (katki) strain. Keywords: Incidence, associated fauna, lac insect Kerria lacca Kerr Introduction The term lac seems to have been derived from the Sanskrit word Laksha meaning a hundred thousand (Ogle et al., 2006) [8] and is suggestive of the large number of insects involved in its production. The description of the lac insect and its host plant Butea monosperma (Lakshataru) is recorded in the Atharva Veda. It is also mentioned in the Mahabharata that Kauravas built the highly inflammable lakhshagriha or Jadugriha (Lac house) with a motive [1] of physically eliminating Pandavas by setting the Lac palace on fire (Chattopadhyay, 2011) . K. lacca is a scale insect belonging to order Hemiptera, Sub order- Homoptera, Super family- Coccoidea, Family- Tachardiidae. K. lacca is exploited for their product of commerce viz. resin, dye, and wax. Cultivation of lac not only provides livelihood to millions of lac growers, but also helps in conserving vast stretches of forest and biodiversity associated with lac insect complex. Lac ecosystem is complex multi-trophic web of flora and fauna. 22 species of lac predators, 30 species of primary and 45 species of secondary parasites, beside several fungal pathogens, represent a rich biodiversity of this ecosystem. Moreover, this natural lac complex also maintains a variety of other tree flora, micro-fauna and soil microorganisms. Several of the insect of the fauna associated with lac insect are species - specific (exclusive to the ecosystem) and hence, loss of even one species of lac insect poses a danger losing many other related species (Sharma et al., 2006) [10]. Eupelmus tachardiae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Tachardiaephagus tachardiae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Tachardiaephagus somervilli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Coccophagus tschirch (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Aprostocetus purpureus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are Major lac parasitoids (Varshney, 1976; Sharma et al., 2006; Jaiswal and Singh, 2013; Daharia and Katlam, 2013) [12, 10, 3, 2]. According to Narayanan (1962) [7] super parasitism can occur but typically one parasite larva occurs in single scale. The parasitoids have life cycle of about one month, compared to 4-9 months for K. lacca. Tachardiaephagus tachardiae, Aprostocetus purpureus, Coccophagus Corresponding Author: tschirchii have 10-12 generation on commercial lac in a year, compared to 9 generation for PK Netam Parechthrodryinus clavicarnis Cameron, an encyrtid that can be either a primary or secondary College of Agriculture and parasitoids. T. tachardiae and A. purpureus are the most abundant lac associated parasitoids Research Station, Kanker, belongs to the order hymenoptera (Chattopadhyay, 2011) [1]. Chhattisgarh, India ~ 40 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies http://www.plantsjournal.com Chhattisgarh is the major lac cultivated area in all over the stick lac in second fortnight of October in rangeeni, katki India. Kanker is the major lac cultivated area and second (rainy) strain, largest production after Korba in Chhattisgarh. So it is On the basis of pooled mean population of A. purpureus was necessary to identified lac insect predators and parasitoid and recorded its first appearance in first fortnight of September takes precaution for management of lac insect fauna. Keeping with 0.60 insect per 30 cm stick lac, whereas the population this in view incidence of associated fauna of lac insect Kerria gradually increased and reached maximum mean population lacca (Kerr.) in rangeeni strain was conducted at Kanker 2.33 insect per 30cm in second fortnight of October in district of Chhattisgarh. rangeeni, katki (rainy) strain, Investigate based on two year pooled mean population of E. Materials and Methods tachardiae in rangeeni, katki (rainy) strain was recorded first Incidence of associated fauna of lac insect Kerria lacca appearance in first fortnight of September with 0.22 insect per (Kerr.) in rangeeni strain was conducted during 2015-16 and 30 cm stick lac. The maximum mean population with 0.99 2016-17 at Kanker district of Chhattisgarh. To recorded the insect per 30 cm stick lac in second fortnight of October, predators and parasitoids of lac insect K. lacca Kerr. The Study the two year pooled mean population parasitoid P. untreated different host plants, palas (B. monosperma), and clavicornis was first observed in first fortnight of August with ber (Z. mauritiana), 4 plants was randomly selected for the mean population 0.27 insect per 30 cm stick lac. The highest survey of associated fauna of natural bio agent (predators and mean population was observed in second fortnight of October parasitoids) of lac insect at farmers field in rangeeni katki with 1.60 insect per 30 cm stick lac in rangeeni, katki (rainy) (rainy) crop seasons from Kanker, Narharpur, Charama, strain, Durgukondal and Bhanupratappur block of Kanker district of Investigate the two years pooled mean population of hyper- Chhattisgarh. parasitoids B. tachardiae was recorded its first appearance in The associated natural enemies of lac insects was recorded second fortnight of August with mean population 0.39 insect from infested lac encrusted twigs of 30 cm length 4 plants (4 per 30 cm stick lac. Highest mean population was recorded in twigs of each plant), at fortnightly interval, collected samples second fortnight of October with 1.05 insect per 30 cm stick was kept in 60 mesh nylon basket (bag) for 10-15 days for the lac in rangeeni, katki (rainy) strain. emergence of natural enemies, and calculate the total number Two year pooled mean population of hyper-parasitoid P. sulci of egg/larva/pupa/adults of predators/parasitoids/hyper- in rangeeni, katki (rainy) strain was recorded its first parasitoids in block wise. The collected samples were appearance in first fortnight of September with the mean 0.30 identified by scientist laboratory at IINRG, LPU, Namkum, insect per 30 cm stick lac, the highest mean population was Ranchi, Jharkhand. recorded during the second fortnight of October with the mean population 0.60 insect per 30 cm stick lac. Results and Discussion The study of two year pooled mean population of B. greeni In the present studied incidence of various insect associated was noticed first appearance in the first fortnight of August with lac insect in rangeeni strain was recorded in rainy with 0.29 insect per 30 cm stick lac. Which increase and seasons. It was indicate that the incidence of various insect reached the peak mean 1.69 insect per 30 cm stick lac in first viz. E. amabilis and P. pulverea was recorded as major and fortnight of September in rangeeni, katki (rainy) strain. Chrysopa. sp. was recorded as minor predators. Among the Present trends was similar to Jaiswal et al., (1998) was Parasitiods T. tachardiae was recorded as major potential reported that the lac insect beneficial parasitoids of B.greeni, parasitoids whereas A. purpureus, E. tachardiae and A. Tachardiae, Pristomerus sucli and B. Tachardiae Parechthrodryinus clavicarnis was recorded as minor population to the extent of 69,60,100 and 100 per cent parasitoids and also recorded the beneficial fauna (Hyper- respectively. parasitoids) B. tachardiae, pristomerus sulci and B. greeni in According to Uike (2015) [11] The E. amabilis and P. pulverea rangeeni (katki) strain in five blocks of Kanker district of were recorded as key predator and Chysopa sp. was recorded Chhattisgarh during year 2015-16 and 2016-17. (Table 1 and as minor predator. Among the parasitoids T. tachardiae 2). recorded as a major status in Kanker district of Chhattisgarh, Incidence on the basis of two year pooled mean population of and seasonal incidence of predators and parasitoids viz. E. E. amabilis in was active from1st fortnight of August to 2nd amabilis, P. pulverea, chysopa sp., T. tachardiae, E. fortnight of October and reached its peak population with 8.38 tachardiae and A. purpureus in Gariaband district of insect per 30 cm stick lac during 2nd fortnight of August Chhattisgarh. Comformity with present studies. rangeeni, katki (rainy) strain, Present studies more or less similar to Meena et al., (2018) [5] Studies was based on pooled mean population of P. pulverea reported that during the investigation 11 species of fauna was first appeared with 2.95 per 30cm stick lac in first associated with Kerria lacca (Kerr.) from 8 families under 3 fortnight of August, which active from1st fortnight of August were recorded representing predator species E. amabilis, P.