National Progress Report on Implementing the New Urban Agenda Research programme General Departmental Research (ReFo) on behalf of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Home Affairs (BMI) Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) at the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR) Project management Dr. André Müller, Department I 3 European Spatial and Urban Development, BBSR Antonia Milbert, Department I 6 Urban, Environmental and Spatial Monitoring, BBSR Research contractor German Institute of Urban Affairs (Difu) Oliver Peters Dr. Henrik Scheller Dr. Jasmin Jossin Philipp Holz Dr. Jürgen Gies State March 2021 Table of contents 2 Table of contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Occasion, problem and goal ............................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Methodical approach .............................................................................................................................. 9 2 Political Framework for the implementation of the New Urban Agenda in the Federal Republic of Germany .......................................................................................... 14 2.1 Sustainability policy and management of global trends in the multi-level system....... 15 2.1.1 Climate change: climate protection and climate adaptation ........................................... 20 2.1.2 Mobility in the urban-rural context ............................................................................................. 24 2.2 Implementation of the New Urban Agenda and the 2030 Agenda in the German context........................................................................................................................................................ 26 2.2.1 Sustainability Strategy of the Federal Government ............................................................ 26 2.2.2 Sustainability strategies of the Länder ..................................................................................... 31 2.2.3 Sustainability strategies in the Club of Agenda 2030 Municipalities ........................... 35 2.2.4 Interim conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 38 2.3 Urban development policy in the Federal Republic of Germany ........................................ 38 2.3.1 Legal framework conditions ......................................................................................................... 38 2.3.2 Characteristics of the policy field of urban development .................................................. 40 2.3.3 Financial and budgetary framework conditions of the municipalities .......................... 42 2.3.4 Regional economic disparities as a determinant of urban development ................... 46 2.3.5 Urban development funding as an instrument of transformative sustainability practices .............................................................................................................................................. 48 2.3.6 Interim conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 51 3 New Urban Agenda in implementation: progress of a cross-level sustainability policy ................................................................................................................................ 52 3.1 Climate protection and climate adaptation .................................................................................. 52 3.1.1 Institutional framework ................................................................................................................... 53 3.1.2 Sector-specific greenhouse gas emissions ........................................................................... 54 3.1.3 Renewable energies ....................................................................................................................... 57 Table of contents 3 3.1.4 Climate adaptation measures...................................................................................................... 60 3.1.5 Climate Smart City ........................................................................................................................... 62 3.2 Mobility in an urban-regional context ............................................................................................. 64 3.2.1 Modal split ........................................................................................................................................... 65 3.2.2 Personal motorised transport ...................................................................................................... 69 3.2.3 Local public transport (ÖPNV) .................................................................................................... 70 3.2.4 Environmental impacts of mobility ............................................................................................. 73 3.2.5 Safe mobility ....................................................................................................................................... 75 3.2.6 New mobility services ..................................................................................................................... 78 4 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 81 5 Literature .......................................................................................................................... 84 6 Appendix .......................................................................................................................... 91 6.1 Profile of the partner municipalities ................................................................................................ 91 6.2 Workshop programme partner municipalities .......................................................................... 114 6.3 Indicator sets used .............................................................................................................................. 116 6.4 Questionnaires Index Indicators .................................................................................................... 122 6.5 Overview of sustainability strategies of the federal states .................................................. 131 List of figures 4 List of figures Fig. 1: The New Urban Agenda Action Framework ............................................................................ 14 Fig. 2: Planning types and hierarchy of spatial and urban planning in Germany ................................. 16 Fig. 3: Development of built-up area in relation to population development in Europe ........................ 19 Fig. 4: Comparison of temperature anomalies worldwide and in Germany since 1881 ....................... 20 Fig. 5: Average temperature in city and commuting zones from 1-14 August 2020 ............................. 29 Fig. 6: Municipal signatories of the specimen resolution on the 2030 Agenda .................................... 37 Fig. 7: Development of the municipal net lending 1992-2020 ............................................................. 43 Fig. 8: Development of municipal debt 1992-2019 ............................................................................. 44 Fig. 9: Municipal investment arrears in 2019 ...................................................................................... 45 Fig. 10: Personnel for climate protection and adaptation in full-time equivalents in 2020 .................... 53 Fig. 11: Preparation of municipal climate protection concepts over time ............................................. 54 Fig. 12: Development of sectoral GHG emissions of the state capital Stuttgart 2012-2018 ................. 55 Fig. 13: Sectoral greenhouse gas emissions of selected municipalities in 2018.................................. 56 Fig. 14: Development of renewable energies in the federal states of the partner municipalities 2010 - 2019 ........................................................................................................................ 58 Fig. 15: Systematic studies and expansion targets for renewable energies in 2020 ............................ 59 Fig. 16: Completed residential buildings with renewable heating energy 2016-2018........................... 60 Fig. 17: Climate adaptation measures implemented or planned in 2018 ............................................. 61 Fig. 18: Requirements for Climate Smart Cities ................................................................................. 63 Fig. 19: Modal split in selected cities differentiated by regional statistical area types 2017/2018 ......... 66 Fig. 20: Development of the modal split in selected partner municipalities 2008-2018 ........................ 67 Fig. 21: Modal split in the urban-rural context .................................................................................... 68 Fig. 22: Development of car density 2010 - 2018 ............................................................................... 70 Fig. 23: Public transport passengers in 2018 by city size ..................................................................