Breeding Policy-Action Plan Sahiwal Dairy Cattle Breed SAHIWAL DAIRY CATTLE BREED National Dairy Champion 2004 • Global animal genetic resource • High milk producing ability amongst zebu cattle under harsh climatic conditions • Resistant against tropical diseases • Ticks and heat tolerant • Twenty nine countries use Sahiwal as purebred and for crossbreeding • 2.061 Million in Punjab (Census 2006) • Depletion of breed day by day due to a. Change in agriculture system b. Indiscriminate crossbreeding c. Buffalo Preference • Sahiwal Cow ID: J 4/94 (SHARIFAN) • Owner Name: LES Jahangirabad Distt: Khanewal • Milk Yield: - 36.0 kgs/36hrs 1 BREED CHARACTERISTICS Sahiwal Cattle Holdings Sahiwal are among the largest Zebu cattle, with a mature weight for cows of No. of animals No. of farmers %age 360-400 Kg, and for bulls 540-640 Kg. Females have brown to reddish dun 1-5 animals 229 31 colour whereas males have a darker colour around the orbit, neck and hind 6-10 animals 183 25 quarters. The body is wedge shaped with soft loose skin with voluminous 11-15 animals 116 16 16-20 animals 60 8 dewlap and sheath. Cows have short head and drooping ears, black muzzle, 21-25 animals 57 8 eye lids and tuft of tail. The bulls have broad forehead, small eyes, black 26-30 animals 25 3 muzzle, broad chest, very loose sheath, pendulous dewlap and a large hump, 31-35 animals 20 3 which often leans to one side. The cows have large and strong udder with 36-40 animals 17 2 41-45 animals 10 1 prominent veins and big teats. The horns are small and commonly loose in 46-50 animals 7 1 the females. Males have stumpy horns. Sahiwal bullocks have a reputation of 51-100 animals 9 1 being lethargic when used for draught, but are quite suitable for heavy and more than 100 4 1 slow work. Total registered 737 100 PRE-INDEPENDENCE INITIATIVES FOR SAHIWAL PRE-INDEPENDENCE INITIATIVES FOR SAHIWAL BREED CONSERVATION BREED CONSERVATION ALLAH DAD CATTLE FARM JEHANIAN MULTAN Year of Leasing: 1917 Sahiwal Cattle Farm Jahangir Abad Leased Land: 4056 acres Year of Leasing: 1915 Lease ended/shifted: 1976 Leased Land: 4190 acres DATAR SINGH FARM MONTGOMARY Lease ended/shifted: 1976 Year of Leasing: 1920 Animals supplied: Cows and heifers 4638 Leased Land: 485 acres Males as bullocks 1770 Lease ended/shifted: 1953 Breeding bulls 8608 GAO PAL SCHEME: Gao Pal scheme was launched in Okara area during 1922. Animals exported: China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Gulf states, Kenya, South Africa and Sri Lanka. SAHIWAL CATTLE IMPROVEMENT SCHEME initiated in 1938-39 and was terminated during 1952-53. 2 POST-INDEPENDENCE INITIATIVES FOR SAHIWAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION OF BREED CONSERVATION SAHIWAL CATTLE (RCCSC), JHANG ESTABLISHMENT OF LIVESTOCK FARMS IN PUBLIC SECTOR Area under Livestock Remarks Year of Name of Total Land direct Strength Establish Institution (Acres) Cultivation ment (Acres) LES, 1962 3050 1563 1054 Bahadurnagar SPU Qadirabad 1973 285 285 300 bulls LES, Fazilpur 1973 1853 750 545 LES, 1976 3373 1269 941 Jahangirabad GLF, Kallurkot 1979 3560 1490 513 LES, 1980 7700 1510 982 Khizarabad LES Sher garh -- 1135 76 82 ORGANIZATION CHART OBJECTIVES Director 1 (19) Deputy Director (HQ) RO PR 2 (18) Farm Superintendent RO GA 1 (18) 1(18) Zone=I+II 1 (18) Assistant Director 1 ARO PR 2 (18) Crop Husbandry Office Superintendent ARO GA 1 (18) Farm Manager 1 (18) • Maintenance of nucleus herd of superior germ plasm of (HQ) 1 (18) Zone=I+II Officer 1 (18) 1 (16) Veterinary Officer Veterinary Officer Veterinary Officer Livestock Officer Admin. Officer 1 (17) Field Assistant 7 (9) Office Assistant Sahiwal cattle. 1 (17) 7 (17) 8 (17) 1 (18) 1 (14) Officer Superintendent Office Superintendent Computer Operator Computer Operator Veterinary Electrician 1(6) • Registration and documentation of institutional and Est. 1 (18) B&A 1 (16) 6 (12) 2 (12) Officer 2 (17) Tractor Driver 7(5) Cashier 1 (9) Truck Driver Office Assistant 1 (14) Accountant 1 (14) Stock Recorder 5 (9) Lab. Tech. 1 (11) Veterinary Assistant private Sahiwal cattle farms/herds. 1 (4) 7 (9) Carpenter 1 (5) Store Keeper 1 (9) Stenographer Cum Computer Operator Cameraman/Video Assist: Store Keeper Vehicle Driver 2 (4) Vehicle Driver 2 (4) Stock Supervisor 2 (5) • Performance recording for genetic evaluation and herd Computer Operator 1 (12) 1 (12) Operator 1 (11) Mechanic 1 (5) 1 (7) Cameraman/Video Stock Recorder Cashier 1 (9) Naib Qasid 1 (1) Naib Qasid 1 (1) Milk Recorder 1 (7) management. Operator 1 (11) 45 (9) Tubewel/Generator Cattle Attendant Milk Salesman 1 (7) Senior Clerk 2 (9) Bill Clerk 1 (7) Junior Clerk 1 (7) • Identification of superior germ plasm. Driver 1 (2) (CRC) 16 (1) • Publishing and dissemination of sire/cow summaries. Store Keeper 1 (9) Naib Qasid 1 (1) Chowkidar 3 (1) Vehicle Driver 10 (4) Electrician 1 (6) • Conducting research on conservation and genetics. Junior Clerk 2 (7) Mali 2 (1) Naib Qasid 10 (1) Assistant Store Sweeper 3 (1) Lab. Attendant 1 (1) • Collaboration with national and international institutions Keeper 1 (7) involved in breed development programmes. Vehicle Driver 2 (4) Sanitary worker 1 (1) Naib Qasid 2 (1) Guard 1 (1) 3 STATEMENT SHOWING THE YEAR WISE QUANTITATIVE ACTIVITIES/TARGETS OF RCCSC, JHANG S. No. Activity Year-I Year-II Year-III Total 1 Registration of Sahiwal cows Private -- 2000 3000 5000 2 Performance recording of Sahiwal herds (in 1000 1500 2500 milk %age = 50) 3 Identification of Nucleus Private -- 4 5 9 Sahiwal herds Govt. -- 1 -- 1 Total -- 5 5 10 4 No. of Evaluations of Sahiwal Private -- 4 5 9 herds Govt. -- 6 6 12 Total -- 10 11 21 5 Research trials conducted -- 4 6 10 6 Research publication -- 2 5 7 7 Sahiwal Cattle shows -- 8 8 16 8 Vaccination (Cows & other animals) HS and -- 48000 60000 108000 FMD 9 De-worming of Calves -- 4200 10500 14700 (70% of the total cows) 10 Artificial insemination 50% of Registered -- 1000 1500 2500 cows 11 Purchase of Sahiwal calves -- 250 150 400 12 Coordination with other institute -- 1 1 2 13 Special Stipend to elite cows (≥ 20 lit. of milk) -- 20 20 40 14 Distribution of breeding bulls to non-registered -- 10 10 20 breeders Breeding Plan of RCCSC RCCSC Breeding Strategy BREEDING PLAN OF RCCSC (Phase-II) Test Herd 15000 Heads of Sahiwal Cows 151 Bulls ready 168 Bull for test mating 17 bulls culled calves ------------------------------------------- under Semen Nucleus Herd Test 10 % (25% of test herd) 3750 Nucleus Herd Close Nucleus Open Nucleus Select top 60 % on the basis of selection index (Growth 10 % + age at maturity 20 % + weight at maturity 30 % + Development of From 328 sexual organs 40 %) Nucleus Female progeny of 30 progeny proven bulls tested bulls(20%) Remaining 45% (137) bull calves will be sold to non sires and elite 305 Bull registered farmer of other (Pre Nucleus) dams (70 % 15 progeny calves than the project area for Fertility and 50 tested bull sires natural mating %Sex Ratio) (50%) Intensive Farming will be used as the replacement 23 died @ 7 % of mortality or culled of herd due to any physical abnormality in the dams Extensive Farming Elite Herd Male Progeny of proven bull sires and elite dams 938 Cows with 70 % Fertility and 50 %Sex Ratio 328 Bull (25 % of theNucleus calves Herd on the basis of positive B.V) Expected Total Genetic Improvement per Generation = 130 kg 4 RCCSC Nucleus Herds RCCSC COWS & Bulls Evaluation Govt. Farms • Jahangirabad, Khanewal Year Cows/Bulls Evaluated Positive EBVs Negative EBVs • Bahadurnagar, Okara • Khizarabad, Sargodha • Kaloor Kot, Bhakar • Fazalpur, Rajanpur 2009-10 1387 Cows 1004 Cows 383 Cows • Shergarh, Okara • University of Agriculture Faisalabad 2009-10 231Bulls 149 Bulls 82 Bulls 33 Bull Mother Farms • Jhang 6 • Khanewal 6 RCCSC Bulls under Progeny testing • Toba Tek Singh 3 • Sahiwal 5 • Okara 4 Young bulls at CRC Jehangirabad 100 • Faisalabad 1 • Hafizabad 2 • Layyah 1 RCCSC Bulls at SPU Qadirabad 144 • Rahim-Yar Khan 2 • Pakpattan 1 • Sargodha 1 • Nankana Sahib 1 Semen Doses Produced 1734374 Embryo Transfer Technology Trials • Total trials 28 • Embryoes flushed 129 • Emryoes transferred 75 • Embryoes freezed 74 • Recipients pregnant 06 • ET calves born 11 • Embryoes reserved 54 5 Ist Sahiwal Bull Produced Through ET Sahiwal Bull Donating Semen at SPU Qadirabad Embryo Transfer Technology Secretary L&DD, Department alongwith Director Generals graced the “Photo Session” on 19-03-2009. 6 RCCSC Publications 7. Annual Report (2007-08) 1. Pamphlet on Project Introduction (Urdu) 8. Project Performance Report 2. Folder on Project Introduction (English) (2003-04 to 2007-08) 3. RCCSC Incentives 9. Annual Report (2008-09) 10. Book on Melajat (Urdu) 4. Annual Report (2003-04 to 2004-05) Publication in progress 5. Annual Report (2005-06) 1. Annual Report (2009-10) 2. RCCSC Sire Summary 2010-11 6. Annual Report (2006-07) 3. RCCSC Breeders Directory Incentives to Registered Breeders/Farmers A) Free of cost:- » Vaccination » De-worming of calves » Artificial Insemination B) Provision of Sahiwal bulls C) Purchase of calves out of elite cows at premium price (Rs. 0.020 to 0.040m) D) Prizes to winners of milk and breed competition E) Special stipend of Rs. 0.60 mill to top cows yielding ≥ 18 kg/day Milk. 7 BREEDING POLICY FOR DAIRY CATTLE IN PUNJAB ACTION PLAN Target/Time Strategy Program Action by Role of stakeholders Objective Frame •Improvement in milk production of dairy cattle breeds (Sahiwal and cholistani) through selection RCCSC RCCSC: Identification, tagging /branding, LPRI registration DLF DLF,LPRI: Collaboration of their Sahiwal •Improvement in reproductive performance of cattle through reduction in age at first Improving Milk Registration of Sahiwal 30 farms in 1st Year SCBS herds at LESs for PTP.