CULTURA CULTURA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE CULTURA AND AXIOLOGY Founded in 2004, Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of 2014 Culture and Axiology is a semiannual peer-reviewed journal devo- 2 2014 Vol XI No 2 ted to philosophy of culture and the study of value. It aims to pro- mote the exploration of different values and cultural phenomena in regional and international contexts. The editorial board encourages the submission of manuscripts based on original research that are judged to make a novel and important contribution to understan- ding the values and cultural phenomena in the contempo rary world. CULTURE AND AXIOLOGY CULTURE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL ISBN 978-3-631-66062-1 www.peterlang.com CULTURA 2014_266062_VOL_11_No2_GR_A5Br.indd 1 03.12.14 12:11 CULTURA CULTURA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE CULTURA AND AXIOLOGY Founded in 2004, Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of 2014 Culture and Axiology is a semiannual peer-reviewed journal devo- 2 2014 Vol XI No 2 ted to philosophy of culture and the study of value. It aims to pro- mote the exploration of different values and cultural phenomena in regional and international contexts. The editorial board encourages the submission of manuscripts based on original research that are judged to make a novel and important contribution to understan- ding the values and cultural phenomena in the contempo rary world. CULTURE AND AXIOLOGY CULTURE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL www.peterlang.com CULTURA 2014_266062_VOL_11_No2_GR_A5Br.indd 1 03.12.14 12:11 CULTURA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE AND AXIOLOGY Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology E-ISSN (Online): 2065-5002 ISSN (Print): 1584-1057 Advisory Board Prof. Dr. David Altman, Instituto de Ciencia Política, Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile Prof. Emeritus Dr. Horst Baier, University of Konstanz, Germany Prof. Dr. David Cornberg, University Ming Chuan, Taiwan Prof. Dr. Paul Cruysberghs, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Prof. Dr. Nic Gianan, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines Prof. Dr. Marco Ivaldo, Department of Philosophy “A. Aliotta”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy Prof. Dr. Michael Jennings, Princeton University, USA Prof. Dr. Maximiliano E. Korstanje, University of Palermo, Argentina Prof. Dr. Richard L. Lanigan, Southern Illinois University, USA Prof. Dr. Christian Lazzeri, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, France Prof. Dr. Massimo Leone, University of Torino, Italy Prof. Dr. Asunción López-Varela Azcárate, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain Prof. Dr. Christian Möckel, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany Prof. Dr. Devendra Nath Tiwari, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Prof. Dr. José María Paz Gago, University of Coruña, Spain Prof. Dr. Mario Perniola, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy Prof. Dr. Traian D. Stănciulescu, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Iassy, Romania Prof. Dr. Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek, Purdue University & Ghent University Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief: Co-Editors: Prof. dr. Nicolae Râmbu Prof. dr. Aldo Marroni Faculty of Philosophy and Social- Dipartimento di Lettere, Arti e Scienze Sociali Political Sciences Università degli Studi G. d’Annunzio Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Italy B-dul Carol I, nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania [email protected] [email protected] PD Dr. Till Kinzel Executive Editor: Englisches Seminar Dr. Simona Mitroiu Technische Universität Braunschweig, Human Sciences Research Department Bienroder Weg 80, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University 38106 Braunschweig, Germany Lascar Catargi, nr. 54, 700107 Iasi, Romania [email protected] [email protected] Editorial Assistant: Dr. Marius Sidoriuc Designer: Aritia Poenaru Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology Vol. 11, No. 2 (2014) Editor-in-Chief Nicolae Râmbu Guest Editors: Sonia Catrina and Cyril Isnart Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Umschlagabbildung: © Aritia Poenaru ISSN 2065-5002 ISBN 978-3-631-66062-1(Print) E-ISBN 978-3-653-05406-4 (E-Book) DOI 10.3726/978-3-653-05406-4 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Frankfurt am Main 2014 All rights reserved. Peter Lang Edition is an Imprint of Peter Lang GmbH. Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main · Bern · Bruxelles · New York · Oxford · Warszawa · Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com CONTENTS Sonia Catrina & Cyril Isnart 7 Introduction: Mapping the Moving Dimensions of Heritage Nicolito A. Gianan 19 Heritage-making and the Language of Auctoritas and Potestas Susan LT Ashley 39 Re-telling, Re-cognition, Re-stitution: Sikh Heritagization in Canada Michel Rautenberg & Sarah Rojon 59 Hedonistic Heritage: Digital Culture and Living Environment VintilĈ MihĈilescu 83 “Something Nice.” Pride Houses, Post-peasant Society and the Quest for Authenticity Meglena Zlatkova 109 (Re-) Settled People and Moving Heritage – Borders, Heirs, Inheritance Ema Pires 133 Re-scripting Colonial Heritage Eloy Martos Núñez & Alberto Martos García 145 Tourist Neoreadings of Heritage in Local and Transnational Contexts Elena Serdyukova 163 Keeping of Cultural Heritage in Emigration: Experience of Russia Abroad VARIA Thorsten Botz-Bornstein 18 Believers and Secularists: “Postmodernism,” Relativism, and Fake Reasoning 10.5840/cultura201411213 Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology 11(2)/2014: 19–37 Heritage-making and the Language of Auctoritas and Potestas Nicolito A. Gianan College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna Philippines 4031 [email protected] Abstract. Heritage-making can mean many things to different cultures, especially with the advent of multiculturalism and interculturalism. From this perspective, a wide array of cultural items, devices and values can be witnessed, and some of these are significant, yet others are considered in the balance. To argue that heritage- making is an ongoing process brings to light the fact that cultures and the actors in- volved do not only have a task in the social order, but also the knowhow to direct the way of their discourses. At its core is the view that one must deal with language games, which effectively engage the active participants in circulating heritage. These games are taken into account as clusters of speech acts rules that are classified as assertives, commissives and directives, which correspond to the three types of rule: hegemony, hierarchy and heteronomy. Nonetheless, heritage-making under the con- temporary signs of the times can be appropriated, communicated, substituted or even challenged by partakers of a certain culture and by way of a choice of language employed. It is in the context of the latter that we specifically lay emphasis on the language of auctoritas and potestas as decisive in cultural heritage-making. Keywords: culture, heritage-making, auctoritas, potestas, language games INTRODUCTION A number of notions come into play when culture and heritage become the subject of interest and study among the various actors, but whose understanding may tend to be conflicting at times, if they don’t play the same language games. In particular, “[c]ulture and heritage are concepts that have become very common, and are used by people to describe the legacy of the past generations.”1 It is agreed that heritage-making seems to combine the exotic and endemic elements of culture. This leads to the understanding that “[h]eritage is extrinsic while culture also includes in- trinsic items.”2 Moreover, “[w]hile culture is the composite body of knowledge that members of a society acquire by virtue of living in a place, heritage refers to the legacy of the people that they inherit from earlier generations.”3 To come to the point, cultural heritage-making puts 19 Nicolito A. Gianan / Heritage-making and the Language of Auctoritas and Potestas emphasis on that which essentially is embedded in a given culture, and that which is in a sense not only historical, but also axiological. Nonethe- less, cultural heritage-making is a process that, among many other actors in the field, the United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO) is also concerned about. Nevertheless, in this undertaking, the focus is not heritage-making in general, but cultural heritage-making, including its relation in part to mul- ticulturalism and interculturalism. It also includes a special stress on the role of language games and their relation to hegemony, hierarchy and heteronomy. More importantly, the cultural actors are taken into account as they embody the language of auctoritas and potestas in cultural herit- age-making. HERITAGE-MAKING, MULTICULTURALISM AND INTERCULTURALISM The word heritage is brought to light in several different senses, covering its notion, nature, scope and purpose. But the generally accepted notion and understanding