PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 110(2). 2008, pp. 379-390 SAWFL1ES AND WOODWASPS (HYMENOPTERA: SYMPHYTA) OF GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK DAVID R. SMITH Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, do National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. (e- mail: [email protected]) Abstract.—As a contribution to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, a list of the 234 species of sawflies in 10 families collected in the park are presented. Localities in the park, numbers of specimens, inclusive dates of collection, inclusive altitudes, and host plants for each species are given. Ke y Words: survey, species list, Argidae, Cephidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Pamphiliidae, Pergidae, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae, Xiphydriidae, Xyelidae In conjunction with the All Taxa and 2002. Eleven sites (ATBI plots, see Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) of Great Sharkey 2001, Parker and Bernard 2006) Smoky Mountains National Park (Shar- representing a range of habitat types key 2001, Parker and Bernard 2006), from low to high elevation were selected, adequate samples of sawflies have been with two traps at each site. The sites, collected at different sites in the park to floral community types, location, and now give a good idea of the fauna. The elevations of the plots are as follows, following list presents 10 families and 234 with the Malaise trap (= MI) number in species. A list of the sawflies of the park parentheses: never has been compiled, so there are no Albright Grove, southern Appalachian comparative data and it is sometimes acid cove forest, Tsuga, Liriodendron, difficult to determine whether or not any 1,033 m, Cocke Co., TN, 35°4360"N, of the species are new records for the 831650"W (MT 17, 18). park. This list will serve as a basis with Andrews Bald, grassy bald, 1,757 m, Swain which future collections can be compared. Co., NC, 353220"N, 832939"W (MT The only other recent list of Symphyta for 11, 12). a geographical area in the eastern United Brushy Mountain, southern Appala- States is one for Virginia (Smith 2007) in chian mountain laurel bald, Rhododen- which 345 species are listed. dron, 1,468 m, Sevier Co., TN, 35°4036"N, 832551"W (MT 13, 14). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cades Cove, pasture, 522 in, Blount Co., A large part of this study is based on TN, 353531"N, 83°5017"W (MT 3,4). collections made during a sampling study Cataloochee, high elevation red oak using Townes-style Malaise traps in 2001 forest (formerly American chestnut Id 380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON dominated), 1,385 m, Haywood Co., locations in the park from which collec- NC, 353511"N, 83454"W (MT 9, tions were made. This collection is 10). housed at the University of Georgia. Clingmans Dome, spruce-fir forest, Athens. Approximately 8,000 specimens 1,956 m, Swain Co., NC, 353337"N, were examined and identified from this 832943"W (MT 15, 16). study. Many of the species also were Goshen Prong, southern Appalachian taken in the ATBI study, but there are cove forest, Liriodendron, Ti/ia, about 30 that were not. Those only 917 m, Sevier Co., TN, 35°3638"N, recorded from this collection are indicat- 833234"W (MT 21, 22). ed only as "GSMNP." Indian Gap, southern Appalachian beech The list is by family and subfamilies in gap, Betula, Fagus, 1,634 m, Swain Co., the Tenthredinidae, as given in Smith TN, 353639"N, 832637"W (MT 5, 6). (1979), then alphabetically by genus and Purchase Knob, southern Appalachian species. Most recorded host plants are cove forest, 1,234 m, Haywood Co., from Smith (1979). NC, 35°3530"N, 83°337"W (MT, 7, 8). Snake Den Ridge, southern Appalachian RESULTS acid cove forest, 932 m, Cocke Co., TN, 35°4436"N, 831312"W (MT SYMPHYTA 19,20). XYELIDAE Twin Creeks, southern Appalachian cove Larvae of Xye/a live and feed in forest, 594 m, Sevier Co., TN, staminate cones of pines with the excep- 35°419"N, 832958"W (MT 1, 2). tion of X ga/licaulis, which is a bud These sites are given for the species galler. They are the earliest sawilies to fly recorded below. Data for each species in the spring. Macroxyela Say (on elm), from these collections are arranged as Megaxyela Konow (on hickory), and follows: ATBI plot(s); number of speci- Pleroneura Konow (bud miners of fir) mens collected; years of collection; range are possible in the park. of dates of collection (months in roman Xyela alpigena (Strobl). Cades Cove, numerals); range of altitude of collection, Indian Gap, Andrews Bald; 5; 2001, in meters; recorded host(s). More than 2002; V-8-9; 522-1,757; Pious. 10,700 specimens were obtained and Xyela hakeri Konow. Andrews Bald, examined from this study. Full data are Brushy Mountain, Cades Cove, Twin given for some hand-collected specimens Creeks; 6; 2001; 1II-12-V-24; 522- or specimens that do not appear to be 1,757; Pinus. associated with the above study. Speci- Xyela ga/licaulis Smith. GSMNP; Pinus. mens are deposited in the collection of Xyela minor Norton. Andrews Bald, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Brushy Mountain, Cades Cove; 24; Gatlinburg, TN, with duplicates, pend- 2001; II-14-IV-24; 522-1 ,757; Pinus. ing mutual resolution and agreement X;e/a obscura (Strobl). Andrews Bald, with the National Park Service regarding Brushy Mountain, Cades Cove, Cling- specimen deposition, in the National mans Dome; 26; 2001, 2002; III-13-V- Museum of Natural History, Smithso- 10; 522-1,956; Pinus. nian Institution, Washington, DC. A second large collection was the result of a study by Skillen et al. (2000). PAMPHILIIDAE Though I kept a list of identifications, I Larvae of Acantho/yda and (ephalcia have not been able to obtain exact live and feed communally in webs of VOLUME 110, NUMBER 2 381 their own making on conifers; those of CIMBICIDAE Pamphilius and Onycholyda live solitarily Larvae are external leaf feeders. One in leaf rolls. or two other species may be found in the A cant ho lyda apical/s (Westwood). GSMNP; park. Pinus. Cimbex americana Leach. NC: Swain Co., A can tholyda atripes (Cresson). TN: Blount headwaters of Batsaw Branch, tributary Co., Top of the World: Malaise 163, of the Raven Fork, 16 August 2007. 35°38N, 8365W, 670 m, 23 April-7 From picture of larva found on log (by May 1998, collectors Skillen, Pickering K. Voorhis). Acer, Alnus, Betula, Popu- M. lus, Prunus, Sallix, Tilia, Lilmus. A cantholyda macui/ yen tris (Norton). Trichiosoina triangulumn Kirby. TN: Ser- Clingrnans Dome; 1; 2001; VI-25; vier Co., Little River Trail -X Goshen 1,956; A h/es, P/ceo Prong Trail, 27 Apr. 2001, IC Stocks Acantholycla p/ni Rohwer. GSMNP; Pi- (1); Aims. n us. Cephalcia distincta (MacGillivray). Cling- PERGIDAE mans Dome, Snake Den Ridge; 2; Larvae are external leaf feeders. The 2001, 2002, VI-25-VIII-1; 993-1,956; genus needs study. All four species listed A b/es, Tsuga. Previously recorded by Smith (1979) occur in the park, but from only as far south as New York. there are some unidentified species and Cephalcia marginata M iddlekauff. Cling- A. dorsal/s may be a complex of species. mans Dome; 1; 2001; VI-25; 1,956; A complete list is not possible until Pinus. taxonomic problems are resolved. Cephalcia pro vancheri (Huard). GSMNP; Picea. A cordulecera dorsal/s Say. Andrews Onycholyda ampiecta (Fabrici us). Cades Bald, Brushy Mountain, Cades Cove, Cove; 23; 2001, 2002, V-21-VT-17; 522; Cataloochee, Clingmans Dome, Pur- Rubus. chase Knob, Snake Den Ridge, Twin Onycholyda excaiata (Norton). Cades Creeks; 197; 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002; Cove; 1; 2002, Vu-IS; 522; Cornus. IV-26-VI-4; 522-1,956; Carya, (asta- Onycholyda lute/corn/s (Norton). An- flea, Juglans, Quercus. drews Bald, Indian Gap; 15; 2001, A cordulecera maculata MacGillivray. 2002, V-10-VII-3; 1,672-1,757; Rubus. Cades Cove; 9; 2002; VII-l-IX-23; 522. Onycholyda n/grit/b/al/s (Rohwer). An- A cordulecera mel/ma M acGilllivray. An- drews Bald, Clingmans Dome, Indian drews Bald, Clingmans Dome, Indian Gap; 6; 2001, 2002, V-24-VII-3, 1,672- Gap, Snake Den Ridge; 29; 2001, 1,956. 2002; V-22-VIII-1; 993-1,956. Onycholyda ru/fi,sciata (Norton). An- A cordulecera pellucida (Konow). Cades drews Bald, Indian Gap; 3; 2001, 2002, Cove, Twin Creeks; 15; 1999, 2001, VI-22-VII-3; 1,672-1,757. 2002; VI-7-VII-29; 522-594. Paniph/lius pail/maculus (Norton). GSMNP. DIPRION IDAE Pamph il/us pers/cum MacGillivray. An- Larvae of species of this family feed on drews Bald; 1; 2001, VI-22, 1,757; conifers, mostly pines. Adults are seldom Prunus. collected in traps and are more com- Pamphilius phyil/sae Middlekauff. An- monly obtained by finding and rearing drews Bald, Indian Gap; 2; 2001; VI-6- larvae. About ten species eventually may VII-l7; 1,672-1,757; Quercus. be found in the park. I 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Monoctenus melliceps (Cresson). One Sterictiphora cruenta Smith. Brushy specimen collected at Park Headquar- Mountain; 1; 2002; VI-30; 1,467; Pru- ters, 1 ,529, Servier Co., TN; Juniperus. its. Neodiprion abbo ii, (Leach). GS M NP; Strictiphora prunivora (1IIyar). Brushy Pinus. Mountain, Cataloochee; 3; 2001, 2002; V-8-15; 1,382-1,467; Prunus. ARGIDAE Sterici/phora seneca (Norton). Andrews Larvae are external leaf feeders; only Bald, Brushy Mountain, Cataloochee, one, ScliiocerelIc, pthcornis, is a leaf Purchase Knob; 6; 2001, 2002; V-10 miner in purslane.