Case 1:09-cr-00155-JBW Document 140 Filed 05/16/11 Page 1 of 401 PageID #: <pageID> UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ---------------------------------------------------------x UNITED STATES OF AMERICA MEMORANDUM AND ORDER - against- 09-CR-155 C.R., Defendant. ---------------------------------------------------------x JACK B. WEINSTEIN, Senior United States District Judge: APPEARANCES: For the Government: Loretta Lynch, U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York By: Ali Kazemi Chantel Febus For Defendant C.R.: Deirdre Von Dornum, Federal Defenders of New York Louis Freeman, Freeman, Nooter & Ginsberg, New York, NY Sam Talkin, Talkin, Muccigrusso & Roberts, L.L.P., New York, NY I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 II. Facts .......................................................................................................................................... 8 A. Defendant’s Childhood ....................................................................................................... 8 B. Sexual History .................................................................................................................. 10 C. Instant Offense .................................................................................................................. 12 D. Guilty Plea ......................................................................................................................... 14 i. Interpretation of the Statute – 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(2) ................................................ 15 ii. Pressures on Defendants and Defense Counsel to Plead Guilty ................................. 18 iii. Content of Defendant’s Files ...................................................................................... 23 ii. Impact on Victims....................................................................................................... 31 1 Case 1:09-cr-00155-JBW Document 140 Filed 05/16/11 Page 2 of 401 PageID #: <pageID> E. Threat… ............................................................................................................................ 40 i. History......................................................................................................................... 42 ii. Industry ....................................................................................................................... 46 iii. Content ........................................................................................................................ 52 iv. Viewers ....................................................................................................................... 56 v. Relationship Between Viewing and Acting; Real and Perceived Harms ................... 60 F. Effect on Abused Children ................................................................................................ 66 i. Abuse of Vicky and Punishment of Primary Abusers ................................................ 92 ii. Testimony ................................................................................................................... 93 a. Psychologist ................................................................................................... 93 b. Parents ......................................................................................................... 112 c. Punishment of Primary Abusers .................................................................. 126 G. Events while Defendant Awaited Sentence .................................................................... 131 i. Education, Employment, and Treatment .................................................................. 131 ii. Bail Revocation Hearings ......................................................................................... 132 iii. Mental Health Evaluations ........................................................................................ 133 a. New York Center for Neuropsychology & Forensic Behavioral Science Report ................................................................................................................ 134 b. Stutman Report ............................................................................................ 136 c. Bureau of Prisons Evaluation ...................................................................... 140 d. Hamill Report .............................................................................................. 141 e. Barr Report .................................................................................................. 142 f. Prentky Report ............................................................................................. 146 g. Sachsenmaier Report ................................................................................... 148 h. Leonhard Treatment .................................................................................... 150 H. Hearings on Protection of Public and Treatment of Defendant. ..................................... 152 i. Probation ................................................................................................................... 153 ii. Dr. Meg Kaplan ........................................................................................................ 154 iii. Dr. Susan Sachsenmaier ........................................................................................... 179 iv. Dr. Robert Prentky .................................................................................................... 184 I. Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................. 208 2 Case 1:09-cr-00155-JBW Document 140 Filed 05/16/11 Page 3 of 401 PageID #: <pageID> i. Use of Static-99......................................................................................................... 209 ii. Universe for risk assessment and bias ...................................................................... 216 iii. Coding ………………………………………………………………………………222 iv. Development of Risk Assessment in Sentencing Generally ..................................... 236 J. Bureau of Prisons Program For Sex Offenders............................................................... 247 i. Description ................................................................................................................ 247 ii. Trip of Court to Inspect Programs ............................................................................ 267 III. Law ....................................................................................................................................... 267 A. Statutory History .............................................................................................................. 267 i. Federal Sentencing Scheme ........................................................................................ 267 ii. Mandatory Minimums ................................................................................................ 270 iii. Child Pornography Legislation and Guidelines ........................................................ 271 iv. Judicial Interpretations .............................................................................................. 276 v. Public Policy Concerns ............................................................................................. 282 vi. Statute: Distribution of Child Pornography .............................................................. 286 B. Constitutional Issues ........................................................................................................ 287 i. Separation of Powers ................................................................................................ 287 ii. First Amendment Exceptions .................................................................................... 288 iii. Fourth Amendment ................................................................................................... 288 iv. Irrationality ............................................................................................................... 289 v. Cruel and Unusual Punishment ................................................................................. 294 a. Proportionality ............................................................................................. 294 b. Excessive Child Pornography Incarceration Terms .................................... 300 c. Juvenile Limits ............................................................................................ 302 d. Science Supporting Immaturity Exception .................................................. 305 1. Studies ................................................................................................... 305 2. Testimony ............................................................................................. 314 e. Unconstitutionality as Applied ...................................................................... 323 IV. Application of Law to Facts .................................................................................................. 332 V. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 347 A. Appendix A: Bureau of Prisons Sex Offender Programs. .............................................. 350 3 Case 1:09-cr-00155-JBW Document 140 Filed