MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE & CONTINUING EDUCATION TIRUNELVELI 627012, TAMIL NADU M.A. MASS COMMUNICATION & JOURNALISM - I YEAR DKJ13/DMJ13 - EDITING (From the academic year 2016-17) Most Student friendly University - Strive to Study and Learn to Excel For more information visit: http://www.msuniv.ac.in SYLLABI.BOOK MAPPING TABLE Editing Syllabi Mapping in Book Unit I Unit 1 : lntroduction to Journalism Newspaper Organization: Operations, functions and duties and Editing of the editorial departments. (Pages: 3-16); Unit 2: Newspaper Organizations: Editorial Functions (Pages:17-39) Unit II Need and Purpose of Editing: Principles of editing, print Unit 3: Need, PurposeAnd and electronic media. Principles of Editing in PrintAnd Electronic Media (Pages:41-56) Unit III Duties and Responsibilities of Editor: News editor, chief Unit 4: Duties and Responsibilities sub editor, sub editor. ln the Editorial Department (Pages: 57-83) Unit IV Headlines: Kinds of headlines, function ofheadlines, headline Unit 5: Headlines:Types and writing and unit count. Functions (Pages: 85-108) Unit V Introduction to Typography: Graphic arts, importance and Unit 6: I ntroduction to Typography methods. and GraphicArts (Pages:109-136) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO JOURNALISM AND EDITING 3.16 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Unit Objectives 1.2 Journalism in the Contemporary Scenario 1.3 The Press in India 1.4 The Role of Editing in Media 1.5 Troubling Times in Indian Media History 1.6 Growth and Evolution of Indian Media 1.7 The Dynamics of Editorial Department 1.8 Sunrnary 1.9 Key Terms l.l0 Answers to 'Check Your Progress' Lll Questions and Exercises 1.12 Further Reading UNIT 2 NEWSPAPER ORGAI{IZATIONS: EDITORIAL FLIIICTIONS 17-39 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Unit Objectives 2.2 Historical Background 2.3 The Meaning of Press Freedom 2.4 Anlntroduction to Big Dailies 2.4.1 TheEnglishDailies 2.4.2 Newspapers beyond Borders 2.4.3 LanguageDailies 2.5 Editorial Functions in a Newspaper 2.5.1 Professional Editors or Trouble-Shooter Editors 2.5.2 News Editors/Leader Writers/Assistant Editors 2.5.3 Chief Subeditors/Subeditors 2.5.4 News Editor and Reporting Staff 2.5.5 ManagingDistrictorRegionalDesk 2.5.6 Autonomous Desks within the Newsroom 2.6 Emergence of Electronic Media 2.6.1 Evolution ofNews Desk in Television Channels 2.6.2 Funny Side of News Channels 2.7 Surnrnary 2.8 Key Terms 2.9 Answers to 'Check Your Progress' 2.10 Questions and Exercises 2.11 Further Reading UNIT 3 NEED, PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLES OF EDITING IN PRINT AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA 4I.56 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Unit Objectives 3.2 Role, Nature and Scope of Editing a Copy 3.2.1 Preparing the News Desk for the Final Edition 3.3 Fundamentals of the Craft of Editing 3.3.1 The Role of Language in Editing 3.4 Difference between Editing and Rewriting 3.4.1 NecessityofRewriting 3.5 Dimensions of Editing a Copy . 3.5.1 ClassicalApproach 3.5.2 DirectWriting 3.6 Summary 3.7 Key Terms 3.8 Answers to 'Check Your Progress' 3.9 Questions and Exercises 3.10 Further Reading UNIT 4 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT 57.83 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Unit Objectives 4.2 TheAnchoring Role of Editor 4.2.1 The Role ofEditor in Electronic Media 4,3 The Functionaries in a Television Room 4.4 The Functioning of Editorial in a Newspaper 4.4.1 The Essential Style of a Media House 4.5 Editing in Practice 4.6 Copyl Video/Audio Editing 4.7 Editlurrgon the Digital platform 4.8 The Challenges of Editing 4.9 The Radio/Television Broadcasting 4.10 Technology-The New Age 4.ll Newsreels: Predecessor of the Television News 4.11.1 Some Experiments in Kolkata 4.11.2 TheArrival ofTelevision in India 4.12 The Expansion of Electronic Media 4,12.1 SatelliteTelevision 4,12.2 Revolution through Telephone 4.13 Summary 4.14 Key Terms 4.15 Answers to 'Check Your Progress' 4.16 Questions and Exercises 4.17 Further Reading UNIT 5 HEADLINES: TYPES AND FUNCTIONS 85-108 5.0 Introduction 5.1 Unit Objectives 5.2 Headlines Selection 5.2.1 TelevisionHeadlines 5.2.2 Sports and Business Headlines 5.3 Evolution of Headlines 5.4 Treatment of a Headline and Letter Counts 5.4.1 Innovations without Sensationalizing 5.5 TheArt of Writing Headlines in Practice 5.6 Summary 5.7 Key Terms 5.8 Answers to 'Check Your Progress' 5.9 Questions and Exercises 5.10 Further Reading UNIT 6 INTRODUCTION TO TYPOGRAPHY AND GRAPHIC ARTS 109.136 6.0 Introduction 6.1 Unit Objectives 6.2 The Role of Typography, History and Importance 6.2.1 Treatment of a Headline and Letter Counts 6.2.2 Arrival of ComPuters 6.2.3 Importance of TYPograPhY 6.3 Selection of Types and Its Importance 6.4 The ol-ead' Continues its Role 6.5 Graphic Arts: Importance and Methods 6.5.1 GraphicsforValueAddition 6.5.2 Graphics Invade Front Page 6,5.3 New Business 6.5.4 The Wonder Called 'Photoshop' 6,5.5 NewExperiments 6.5.6 SignificanceofGraPhics 6.6 Cartoonists 6.7 Role of Photographs 5.7.1 Difference between Montage and Collage 6.8 Summary 6.9 Key Terms 6.10 Answers to 'Check Your Progress' 6.11 Questions and Exercises 6.12 Further Reading Introduction INTRODUCTION NOTES Journalism is among few professions, where one can seldomkeep professional inadequacies underwraps for too long. This hard professionalrealityhas forced to stay committed to their quest loumaiists, irrespective ofthe medium they serve, forhighprofessionalstandards. The requirements ofhigh-qualityofwriting and growLg-market challenges keep media professionals very focused' They need to is basically a be on their toes to survive in the industry Any media product, which journalistic endeavour, can make a mark in the market only on the basis of its quality. Amedia house needs a team ofhighly accomplished journalists, editors and competent management to make products available to its patrons much below has the cost oftheir production. This testing situation, specific to media products, led to cut-throat competition among journalists or media men. The immaculately designed newspapers, which land on our doorstep with the freshness oflatest news and views, are the outcome ofmanyjournalists buming midnight oil on their respective desks. These rurknown soldiers ofpen-work toil them really-hard to make clumsy writings ofreporters and other writers to make prini-worthy. Even the well-known newspaper columnists have flaws and shortcomings intheirwriting styles. We appreciate their ffirmative write-ups people appearing injournals and newspapers. Alot of credit for this goes to the who process or even rewrite their copy. They are the real editors. This book is an attempt to make the new entrants to the present daymuch glamorized profession ofjournalismunderstandthe art and craft ofediting and its crucialrole inmaking any newspaper or joumal readable. In this book, efforts have been made to make a new journalist understand the basics of editing to enable him to proceed in his career with confidence and necessary professional knowledge. It takes years to carve out an image in the profession, but once someone reaches to the desired position, he may really feel ^himselflfte a mountain climber who wades tkough diffcult, steep peaks to achieve the goal. S e [-I ns tru c ti o n a I Ma terial Intt'oduction to Journalism UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO and Editing JOURNALISM AND EDITING NOTES Structure 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Unit Objectives 1.2 Journalism in the Contemporary Scenario 1.3 The Press in India 1.4 The Role of Editing in Media 1.5 Troubling Times in Indian Media History 1.6 Growth and Evolution of Indian Media 1.7 The Dynamics of Editorial Department 1.8 Summary 1.9 Key Terms 1.10 Answers to 'CheckYour Progress' L 11 Questions and Exercises 1.12 Further Reading 1.0 INTRODUCTION Denis McQuail defines journalism as 'paid writing (and the audiovisual equivalent) for public media with reference to actual and ongoing events of public relevance'. Due to its relevance for the contemporary society at any given time, it is a very popular profession. In fact, there is a never-ending stream ofbright young people who want to become journalists. it is an exciting domain involving opportunities to meet powerful and interesting people, villains and victims, inspiring role models, public heroes, etc. It satisfies many passions related to travel, knowledge, writing and tasting the soup of different cultures. Young reporters get the thrill of their life by seeing their byline in the newspaper. Journalism provides many categories keeping with your interest and hobbies. These are: tabloid journalism, 'prestige'or quality journalism, specialist journalism, local journalism, civic journalism, investigative journalism, development journalisn; advocacy journalism and even gossip journalism. In the modern scenario, when democracies world over are establishing themselves on a more solid footing, the 'fourth estate' has emerged as the pillar of modern democratic systems. Naturally, given the nature of things involving the public issues, the role of editing is really critical. The editors are supposed to be skilled, well-informed and sensitive human beings who polish the inputs keeping in view both the professional as well as the outside issues like legality, morality, ethics, etc. Se A- I n s truc tio na I Materia I lntroduction to Journalis m and Editing 1.1 UNIT OBJECTIVES After going through this unit, you will be able to: NOTES o Evaluate the significance ofjournalism in the society o Discuss the role of editor in the media o Learn the troublesome and exciting times in Indian media history o Explain the exciting dynamics of the editorial department 1..2 JOURNALISM IN THE CONTEMPORARY SCENARIO During the two centuries of newspaper history print media has emerged as one of the key components of civil society.