Common administrative commands in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, 7, and 8 System basics Basic configuration TASK RHEL TASK RHEL View /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid 5 6 Graphical system-config-* 5 6 subscription configuration information subscription-manager identity 6 7 8 tools gnome-control-center 7 8 rhnreg_ks 6 Text-based Configure configuration system-config-*-tui 5 6 rhn_register 1, 3 5 6 7 8 subscription tools subscription-manager 2 6 7 8 Configure system-config-printer 5 6 7 hwbrowser 5 printer gnome-control-center 8 sosreport system-config-network 5 6 dmidecode 5 6 7 8 View system nmcli profile lstopo Configure 6 7 8 nmtui 7 8 lscpu network nm-connection-editor cat/proc/cpuinfo 8 gnome-control-center 8 lshw system-config-language 5 6 View RHEL Configure system localectl 7 8 version /etc/redhat-release 5 6 7 8 language information gnome-control-center 8 system-config-date 5 6 1 Be aware of potential issues when using subscription-manager on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/129003. Configure timedatectl 7 8 2 Subscription-manager is used for Satellite 6, Satellite 5.6 with SAM and newer, time and date date 5 6 7 8 and Red Hat’s CDN. 3 RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. rhn_register should gnome-control-center 8 be used for Satellite server 5.6 and newer only. For details, see: What subscription /etc/ntp.conf 5 6 management services are offered by RHSM?, Transition of Red Hat Network Classic Hosted to Red Hat Subscription Management, and Satellite 5.6 unable ntpdate 5 6 7 to register RHEL 7 client system due to rhn-setup package not included in Minimal installation. Synchronize timedatectl time and date /etc/chrony.conf 7 8 date 8 chronyc Security and identity system-config-keyboard 5 6 Configure localectl TASK RHEL keyboard 7 8 /etc/selinux/config gnome-control-center 8 chcon Configure /etc/ssh/ssh_config restorecon system Configure /etc/ssh/sshd_config semanage 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 SSH ~/.ssh/config security setsebool ssh-keygen system-config-selinux Report on system sealert 5 6 7 8 security authconfig LDAP, SSSD, authconfig-tui 5 6 7 authconfig-gtk Kerberos authselect 8 Network users getent 5 6 7 8 Jobs and services Jobs and services (cont.) TASK RHEL TASK RHEL chkconfig --list cron 5 6 ls /etc/init.d/ Schedule/ at 5 6 7 8 batch systemctl -at service batch tasks ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service systemd-run --on-calendar 8 List all ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*. 7 services service Find file by locate 5 6 7 8 systemctl list-units -at service name find /etc/systemd/ /usr/lib/ 8 systemd/ /run/systemd/ -name Find file by find *.service” characteristic 5 6 7 8 service --status-all 5 6 List running tar systemctl -t service cpio services 7 8 Create archive 5 6 7 8 --state=active zip xz service name start 5 6 Start/stop service name stop service systemctl start name.service 7 8 systemctl stop name.service User management chkconfig name on 5 6 TASK RHEL Enable/ chkconfig name off disable systemctl enable name.service Graphical user system-config-users 5 6 7 service 7 8 systemctl disable name.service management gnome-control-center 8 View service service name status 5 6 useradd 5 6 7 status systemctl status name.service Create user 7 8 account gnome-control-center 8 Check if chkconfig name --list 5 6 service is Delete user userdel 5 6 7 enabled systemctl is-enabled name 7 8 account gnome-control-center 8 chkconfig --add Create new 5 6 usermod service file View/change /etc/passwd or modify systemctl daemon-reload 5 6 7 7 8 user account vipw configuration /etc/systemd/system/*.service details id runlevel 5 6 gnome-control-center 8 View run systemctl get-default 7 8 level/target Create user groupadd 5 6 7 who -r 5 6 7 8 group gnome-control-center 8 /etc/inittab 5 6 Change run init run_level Delete user groupdel 5 6 7 level/target systemctl isolate name.target group 7 8 gnome-control-center 8 systemctl set-default groupmod /etc/syslog.conf 5 5 6 7 Change group /etc/group /etc/rsyslog.conf 6 7 8 details Configure gnome-control-center 8 logging /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /var/log/journal 7 8 Change user passwd 5 6 7 systemd-journald.service password gnome-control-center 8 journalctl 7 8 View logs usermod /var/log 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 Change user visudo pam_tty_audit kernel module 5 6 7 permissions gnome-control-center 8 tlog 8 chage 5 6 7 Configure add audit=1 to kernel cmdline Change system audit auditctl password /etc/audit/auditd.conf policy gnome-control-center 8 5 6 7 8 /etc/audit/audit.rules authconfig w 5 6 7 /etc/pam.d/system-auth View user sessions gnome-control-center 8 View audit aureport output /var/log/faillog 5 6 7 Software management Kernel, boot, and hardware TASK RHEL TASK RHEL yum groupinstall 5 6 append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline 5 6 Install Single user/ yum group install software 7 8 rescue mode append 1 or s or rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel 7 8 yum install 5 6 7 8 cmdline yum groupinfo 5 6 Shut down shutdown 5 6 7 8 View software system yum group info info 7 8 systemctl poweroff 7 8 yum info 5 6 7 8 Power off system poweroff 5 6 7 8 Update yum update 5 6 7 8 software systemctl halt 7 8 Halt system halt 5 6 7 8 Upgrade yum upgrade software 5 6 7 8 Reboot systemctl reboot 7 8 system reboot 5 6 7 8 Configure subscription-manager repos software 5 6 7 8 /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/inittab repository Configure 5 6 default run level/target systemctl set-default 7 8 Find package rpm -qf filename 5 6 7 8 owning file yum provides filename-glob /boot/grub/grub.conf Configure 5 6 rpm -q packagename 5 6 GRUB /etc/default/grub View software bootloader grub2-mkconfig 7 8 version yum list installed packagename grub-set-default 7 8 rpm -q packagename hwbrowser 5 View hardware View installed rpm -qa lshw (in EPEL) 6 7 5 6 7 8 configured software yum list installed lshw 8 Install a yum module install module_name 8 module Configure modprobe kernel module 5 6 7 8 View info on a yum module info module_name module 8 Configure hardware udev 5 6 7 8 device View a module’s yum module info module_name 8 streams View kernel sysctl -a parameters cat /proc/cmdline 5 6 7 8 yum module remove Load kernel Change module_name:stream modprobe 5 6 7 8 module yum module reset module:stream 8 module streams yum module install module:new_stream Remove modprobe -r kernel module 5 6 7 8 List available yum module list 8 modules View kernel rpm -q kernel version uname -r 5 6 7 8 File systems, volumes, and disks File systems, volumes, and disks (cont.) TASK RHEL TASK RHEL ext3 5 View NFS showmount -e Default file share mount 5 6 7 8 system ext4 6 xfs 7 8 service nfs reload 5 6 Configure ssm create 7 systemctl reload nfs.service NFS share 7 8 Create/ gdisk 7 8 /etc/exports 5 6 7 8 modify disk ssm_create 8 partitions Configure fdisk /etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs 5 6 7 8 on-demand 8 parted /etc/auto.* auto-mounts ssm create 7 8 Format disk chmod mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) Change file partition 5 6 7 8 chown mkswap permissions chgrp 8 umask (future file creation) xfs_fsr 6 7 8 Defragment Change file copy data to new file system chattr 8 disk space fsck (look for ‘non-contiguous 5 6 7 8 attributes inodes’) Change ssm mount 7 8 Mount access setfacl 8 storage mount control list 5 6 7 8 /etc/fstab Mount and /etc/fstab activate swap swapon -a 5 6 7 8 Resource management Configure /etc/fstab static mounts 5 6 7 8 TASK RHEL Trace system View free disk strace 5 6 7 8 df calls space 5 6 7 8 Trace library lvdisplay ltrace 5 6 7 8 lvs calls View logical vgdisplay 5 6 7 8 volume info vgs Change nice pvdisplay process pvs renice 5 6 7 8 priority Create ssm create (if backend is lvm) 8 physical Change volume pvcreate 5 6 7 8 process run taskset 5 6 7 8 location ssm create (if backend is lvm) 8 Create volume kill group vgcreate 5 6 7 8 Kill a process pkill 5 6 7 8 killall ssm create (if backend is lvm) 8 Create logical netstat 5 6 volume lvcreate 5 6 7 8 ss tuna 6 7 8 resize2fs Enlarge 5 6 volumes pcp atop 8 xfs_growfs View system formatted 7 8 ssm resize usage top with default ps vgextend file system 5 6 7 8 sar lvextend iostat 5 6 7 8 vmstat resize2fs mpstat Shrink lvreduce 5 6 numastat volumes vgreduce formatted iostat 6 7 8 with default XFS cannot currently be shrunk; file system copy desired data to a smaller 7 8 View disk pcp-dstat file system. usage pmiostat 8 Check/repair ssm check 8 df 5 6 7 8 file system fsck 5 6 7 8 Networking TASK RHEL Configure nmcli con mod 7 8 name /etc/hosts 5 6 7 8 resolution /etc/resolv.conf /etc/sysconfig/network 5 6 Configure hostnamectl hostname /etc/hostname 7 8 nmtui ifconfig 5 6 nmcli dev show View network teamdctl 7 8 interface info bridge ip addr 5 6 7 8 brctl nmcli con [add|mod|edit] Configure nmtui 7 8 network nm-connection-editor interface /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 5 6 7 8 ifcfg-* View routes ip route 5 6 7 8 system-config-network 5 6 nmcli Configure nmtui 7 8 routes nm-connection-editor ip route add 5 6 7 8 /etc/sysconfig/route-iface iptables and ip6tables 5 6 /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables Configure system-config-firewall 6 firewall firewall-cmd 7 8 firewall-config nftables 8 pcp-dstat--socket 8 View ports/ ss sockets lsof 5 6 7 8 netstat 5/19 Copyright © 2019 Red Hat, Inc.