FM 2-0 INTELLIGENCE MARCH 2010 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors only because it requires protection in accordance with AR 380-5 and as specified by DCS G-3 Message DTG 091913Z Mar 04. This determination was made on 12 January 2009. Other requests for this document must be referred to ATTN: ATZS-CDI-D, U.S. Army Intelligence Center of Excellence, Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-7017, or via e-mail at [email protected]. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document in accordance with AR 380-5. HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online (www.us.army.mil) and General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library at (www.train.army.mil). *FM 2-0 Field Manual Headquarters No. 2-0 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 23 March 2010 INTELLIGENCE Contents Page PREFACE............................................................................................................... v SUMMARY OF CHANGES ................................................................................... vi PART ONE INTELLIGENCE ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF CONFLICT Chapter 1 INTELLIGENCE AND THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ......................... 1-1 The Operational Environment ............................................................................ 1-1 The Intelligence Warfighting Function ................................................................ 1-3 Purpose of Intelligence ....................................................................................... 1-4 Role of Intelligence ............................................................................................. 1-4 Intelligence Tasks ............................................................................................... 1-5 Characteristics of Effective Intelligence ............................................................ 1-17 Actionable Intelligence ...................................................................................... 1-18 Critical Thinking ................................................................................................ 1-18 Civil Considerations and Cultural Awareness .................................................. 1-19 The Intelligence Process .................................................................................. 1-19 Army Intelligence Enterprise ............................................................................ 1-20 Intelligence Disciplines ..................................................................................... 1-21 Emerging Capabilities ....................................................................................... 1-23 Chapter 2 THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY .................................................................. 2-1 Unified Action ..................................................................................................... 2-1 Intelligence Community ...................................................................................... 2-1 Intelligence in the Modular Force ....................................................................... 2-5 Categories of Intelligence Products .................................................................... 2-7 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors only because it requires protection in accordance with AR 380-5 and as specified by DCS G-3 Message DTG 091913Z Mar 04. This determination was made on 12 January 2009. Other requests for this document must be referred to ATTN: ATZS-CDI-D, U.S. Army Intelligence Center of Excellence, Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-7017, or via e-mail at [email protected]. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document in accordance with AR 380-5. *This publication supersedes FM 2-0, 17 May 2004. i FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Contents Unified Action Intelligence Operations .............................................................. 2-10 Force Projection Operations ............................................................................. 2-12 Entry Operations ............................................................................................... 2-17 PART TWO INTELLIGENCE IN FULL SPECTRUM OPERATIONS Chapter 3 FUNDAMENTALS IN FULL SPECTRUM OPERATIONS ................................. 3-1 The Operational Concept .................................................................................... 3-1 Intelligence Support to the Elements of Full Spectrum Operations .................... 3-2 Elements of Combat Power ................................................................................ 3-5 Army Capabilities ................................................................................................ 3-6 Chapter 4 INTELLIGENCE PROCESS IN FULL SPECTRUM OPERATIONS .................. 4-1 Section I – Intelligence and the Operations Process .................................... 4-1 Section II – The Intelligence Process .............................................................. 4-2 Commander’s Input ............................................................................................. 4-2 Intelligence Process Continuing Activities .......................................................... 4-2 The Intelligence Process Steps .......................................................................... 4-9 Section III – Intelligence Communications Architecture............................. 4-21 Section IV – Knowledge Management .......................................................... 4-22 PART THREE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE DISCIPLINES Chapter 5 ALL-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE ......................................................................... 5-1 Definition ............................................................................................................. 5-1 Role ..................................................................................................................... 5-2 Fundamentals ..................................................................................................... 5-2 Planning .............................................................................................................. 5-2 Types of Intelligence Products ............................................................................ 5-8 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Operations .............................. 5-9 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Synchronization .................... 5-10 Chapter 6 COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ................................................................................ 6-1 Definition ............................................................................................................. 6-1 Mission ................................................................................................................ 6-1 Role ..................................................................................................................... 6-1 Fundamentals ..................................................................................................... 6-1 Chapter 7 HUMAN INTELLIGENCE ................................................................................... 7-1 Definition and Terms ........................................................................................... 7-1 Role ..................................................................................................................... 7-1 Human Intelligence Collection Methodologies .................................................... 7-2 Capabilities and Planning Considerations .......................................................... 7-4 Human Intelligence in Maneuver Organizations ................................................. 7-6 Human Intelligence Authorities ........................................................................... 7-7 Human Intelligence Technical Channels ............................................................ 7-7 ii FM 2-0 23 March 2010 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Contents Chapter 8 GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE ......................................................................... 8-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 8-1 National System for Geospatial-Intelligence and National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency ............................................................................................ 8-1 Geospatial Intelligence Within Army Doctrine .................................................... 8-3 Chapter 9 IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE ............................................................................... 9-1 Definitions ........................................................................................................... 9-1 Role .................................................................................................................... 9-1 Fundamentals ..................................................................................................... 9-1 Imagery Collection Platforms.............................................................................. 9-2 Types of Imagery Sensors .................................................................................. 9-3 Imagery Intelligence in the Intelligence Process ................................................ 9-3 Chapter