College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Spring 2018-2019 Senior Design Project Report Project Title: Concentrated Solar Power Plant In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering Team Members Student Name Student ID 1 Mohammed Alarfaj 201500818 2 Nasser Alsuhaibani 201401066 3 Abdullah Almubayedh 201500011 4 Mohammed Alafaleq 201403938 5 Abdulrhman Althawaiqib 201202089 Project Advisors: Dr. Aymen Jendoubi Abstract This project is not only beneficial in terms of its reduced cost. Solar system energy uses an energy source (the sun) that is consistently available especially in a region like Saudi Arabia. It will be a clean source of energy and will not do damage to the environment and to the nature. Furthermore, it will not harm our earth, and since it uses renewable energy, it will last forever. The movement for energy independence coupled with aggressive renewable energy goals and government investment incentives (2030 vision) has led the power industry to develop efficient and reliable sources of renewable power. In a power tower system, a central Solar Receiver Steam Generator is surrounded by a field of mirrors that focus and concentrate sunlight onto the receiver tubes. The energy from the sunlight is used to generate and superheat steam for electric production. 2 Acknowledgement We would like to thank our advisor Dr. Aymen Jendoubi for his support and continuous help in our prototype and report, also we like to thank Dr. Bouchaib for his support and guidance that helped us achieve our senior project, also we would like to thank and express our sincere gratitude to the dean of the collage of engineering Dr. Jamal Nyfeh and the dean of the mechanical engineering department Dr. Faramarz Djavanroodi for their support and providing us with the best working and studying environment. 3 List of Acronyms (Symbols) used in the report CSP Concentrated Solar Power CAD Computer Aided Design Qemit Radiation emitted the surface Surface 퐴푠 Surface Area 휎 The Stefan-Boltzmann Constant 푇푠 Surface Temperature 휂 Efficiency 푤푡 Work of the turbine 푤푝 Work of the pump 푞푖푛 Heat entering the system (푤푡 )푠 Work of the turbine shifted ℎ Enthalpy ℎ푠 Enthalpy Shifted (푤푃 )푠 Work of the pump shifted 푚 Mass flow rate 퐴 Area of the pipe 푉 Velocity ρ Density F focal length measured by hand Dap Diameter of plate of parabolic θ Angle of the parabolic dish A Focal Point P Pressure Z Hieght Head Loss ℎ퐿 Head Loss of Turbine ℎ퐿푡 Head Loss of Pump ℎ퐿푝 4 List of Figures Figure 1: Example of CSP plant ............................................................................................... 9 Figure 2: Hydroelectric Power plant ........................................................................................ 14 Figure 3: Wind Turbine ........................................................................................................... 14 Figure 4: Wind Turbine Arial View......................................................................................... 15 Figure 5: Coal Laid-off Plants ................................................................................................. 16 Figure 6: Ivanpah CSP Plant .................................................................................................... 18 Figure 7: Trough System ......................................................................................................... 18 Figure 8: Power Tower System................................................................................................ 19 Figure 9: Dish System .............................................................................................................. 19 Figure 10: 1968, by professor Giovanni Francia the concentrated solar power plant. ............ 21 Figure 11: Schematic of the 1 MW the solar power tower system .......................................... 22 Figure 12:Comparison of thermal energy density in different media ...................................... 23 Figure 16: CAD Drawings ....................................................................................................... 31 Figure 17: Dish Figure 18: Wrapping the Dish............................................................ 32 Figure 19: Trying the dish reflection ....................................................................................... 32 Figure 20: Boiler ...................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 21: Steam Turbine ........................................................................................................ 34 Figure 22: Condenser ............................................................................................................... 34 Figure 23: Water pump impeller .............................................................................................. 35 Figure 24: Water pump ............................................................................................................ 35 Figure 25: Infrared Gun ........................................................................................................... 38 Figure 26 Pressure Gauge ........................................................................................................ 39 5 List of Tables Table 1: ASTM Standards ....................................................................................................... 27 Table 2: Thermal Conductivity ................................................................................................ 28 Table 3: Thermal Diffusivity ................................................................................................... 28 Table 4: Parts ........................................................................................................................... 39 Table 5: Data of the results ...................................................................................................... 39 Table 6: Project Plan ................................................................................................................ 42 Table 7: Tasks Assigned to team members.............................................................................. 44 Table 8: Dates and Activates of Events ................................................................................... 45 Table 9: Bill of Materials ......................................................................................................... 47 6 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ….........................................................................................................8 1.1 Project Definition ............................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Project Objectives ............................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Project Specifications ........................................................................................................10 1.4 Project Applications ..........................................................................................................11 Chapter 2: Literature Review ................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Project Background .......................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Previous Work .................................................................................................................. 20 2.3 Comparative Work ........................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 3: System Design ...................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Design Constraints and Design Methodology .................................................................. 26 3.2 Engineering Design Standards ......................................................................................... 27 3.3 Theory and Theoretical Calculations ............................................................................... 29 3.4 Product Subsystems and selection of Components .......................................................... 31 Chapter 4: System Testing and Analysis ................................................................................ 36 4.1 Experimental Setup, Sensors and data acquisition system ............................................... 37 4.2 Results, Analysis and Discussion ..................................................................................... 39 Chapter 5: Project Management ............................................................................................. 40 5.1 Project Plan ....................................................................................................................... 41 5.2 Contribution of Team Members ....................................................................................... 42 5.3 Project Execution Monitoring .......................................................................................... 45 5.4 Challenges and Decision Making ..................................................................................... 46 5.5 Project Bill of Materials & Budget ................................................................................... 47 Chapter 6: Project Analysis ...................................................................................................