Public A state of the art related to scope of M2MGrids project M2MGrids ITEA 2 13011 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Edited by Juhani Latvakoski Including contributions from: all M2MGrids project partners This document will be treated as strictly confidential. It will not be disclosed to anybody not having signed the ITEA / ITEA 2 Declaration of Non-Disclosure. CONFIDENTIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 6 List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 7 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 10 2 Review of the Internet of Things architectures ............................................................. 10 References..................................................................................................................... 14 3 State of the Art Analysis on M2M Information systems ................................................ 15 3.1 Technologies ......................................................................................................... 15 3.1.1 Knowledge Representation........................................................................... 15 3.1.2 Multi-agent Systems .................................................................................... 16 3.1.3 Optimization techniques ............................................................................... 19 3.1.4 Knowledge Discovery................................................................................... 25 3.2 Domains of Application ........................................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Intelligent Power Systems ............................................................................ 32 3.2.2 Smart Mobile ............................................................................................... 49 References..................................................................................................................... 51 4 State-of-the-Art Analysis on M2M Service Platforms .................................................... 53 4.1 M2M service level existing solutions and architecture standards ............................... 53 4.1.1 OneM2M Service level architecture............................................................... 53 4.1.2 ETSI M2M service level ............................................................................... 57 4.1.3 Existing commercial solutions....................................................................... 59 4.2 Virtualization & container technologies .................................................................... 60 4.2.1 Abstraction Levels / Virtualization Types ....................................................... 61 4.2.2 Analysis and Comparison ............................................................................. 63 4.3 Complex event processing and other stream processing mechanisms/engines .......... 64 4.3.1 Complex Event Processing........................................................................... 65 4.3.2 Improvements and Evolution of Complex Event Processing............................ 69 4.3.3 Distributed Stream Processing Platforms ...................................................... 71 4.3.4 Business and Enterprise Platforms that offer Integrated CEP for IoT ............... 74 4.3.5 Message brokers for M2M and IoT................................................................ 75 4.4 Intelligent service resource allocation procedures .................................................... 76 4.4.1 Centralized, offline optimization methods ...................................................... 77 4.4.2 Distributed optimization through multi-agent systems ..................................... 78 4.4.3 Pattern matching and forecasting for very large datasets ............................... 84 4.5 M2MGrids Service Platform-relevant programming languages, frameworks and service modeling ........................................................................................................................ 86 4.5.1 Base Knowledge Representation Languages................................................. 86 4.5.2 Stream Processing Frameworks and Languages ........................................... 87 4.5.3 Standards for service specification ............................................................... 89 References..................................................................................................................... 90 5 State-of-the-art analysis on M2M Communication Technologies .................................. 95 5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 95 5.2 An Overview on Communication technologies .......................................................... 95 5.3 Communication Overlay.......................................................................................... 98 5.3.1 Communication with constrained embedded devices ..................................... 98 5.3.2 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) ...................................................... 99 5.3.3 Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) ................................. 100 5.4 Cellular network ................................................................................................... 101 5.4.1 2G GSM/GPRS/EDGE ............................................................................... 102 5.4.2 3G WCDMA/HSPA .................................................................................... 103 5.4.3 4G LTE/ LTE Advanced ............................................................................. 103 5.4.4 5G Prospects ............................................................................................ 104 Page 2 of 121 CONFIDENTIAL 5.5 Access technologies............................................................................................. 105 5.5.1 IEEE802.3 (Ethernet) ................................................................................. 105 5.5.2 IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi) .................................................................................... 106 5.5.3 Bluetooth low energy (BLE) ........................................................................ 107 5.5.4 IEEE802.15.4 (ZigBee) .............................................................................. 109 5.5.5 IEEE802.15.4g (SUN) ................................................................................ 111 References................................................................................................................... 112 6 A view to the State-of-the-Art on Security of M2M Systems ....................................... 113 6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................. 113 6.2 Security of communication .................................................................................... 113 6.3 Access control ..................................................................................................... 116 6.4 Challenges for Security Solutions .......................................................................... 117 References................................................................................................................... 119 7 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................................. 119 Page 3 of 121 CONFIDENTIAL TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1. The related Standards & Industrial Forums for the Internet of Things standardization [AIOTI]. ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2. A view to the edge system [IEC].......................................................................................... 11 Figure 3. ITU-T Y.2060 view to the IoT platform [IEC]. ....................................................................... 11 Figure 4. IoT Reference architecture model of Industry 4.0. ............................................................... 12 Figure 5. IoT-A project architecture reference model. ......................................................................... 12 Figure 6. AIOTI, Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation, view to the IoT architecture. ..................... 13 Figure 7. IoT reference architecture [IEC17]. ..................................................................................... 13 Figure 3.1Example PRM: (left) example schema, (right) inference from parent variables in a skeleton 16 Figure 3.2 Optimization techniques [33] ............................................................................................. 20 Figure 3.3 Fundamental components of an expert system [33] ........................................................... 22 Figure 3.4 Fuzzy logic approach diagram .......................................................................................... 22 Figure 3.5 GA cycle [40, 41] .............................................................................................................. 23 Figure 3.6 Adaptive dynamic programming structure [33] ..................................................................