Activity Report from the Division of Combustion Physics 2009-2011 Lund University Lund, Sweden Editor: Zhongshan Li LRCP-156 Lund Reports on Combustion Physics 2012 Lund Reports on Combustion Physics, LRCP-156 Division of Combustion Physics Lund University Box 118 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden Telephone + 46 (0) 46 222 1422 Fax + 46 (0) 46 222 4542 WWW http://www.forbrf.lth.se Printed at Media-Tryck, Lund, Sweden 2012 Cover illustration: Simultaneous visualization of four species, OH, CH, CH2O and toluene, in a jet flame by PLIF technique. Left: OH (red) and CH (green); middle: CH2O (red) and CH (green); right: CH2O (red) and toluene (green). TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 2 GENERAL INFORMATION................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 STAFF ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 VISITORS ................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 ACADEMIC DEGREES DURING 2009-2011 ................................................................................................. 4 2.4 SEMINARS ................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.5 PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL PROJECTS ................................................................ 5 2.6 BUDGET .................................................................................................................................................... 7 3 COURSES ............................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 FUNDAMENTAL COMBUSTION (FBR012) .................................................................................................. 9 3.2 LASER-BASED COMBUSTION DIAGNOSTICS (FBR024) .............................................................................. 9 3.3 MOLECULAR PHYSICS (FBR030) .............................................................................................................. 9 3.4 THERMODYNAMICS WITH APPLICATIONS (FMFF05) .............................................................................. 10 4 LASER TECHNIQUES FOR COMBUSTION DIAGNOSTICS .................................................... 11 4.1 ROTATIONAL COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ............................................................ 11 4.2 SOOT DIAGNOSTICS ................................................................................................................................ 17 4.2.1 The 2C-LII system ....................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.2 Studies in premixed flat flames ......................................................................................................... 18 4.2.3 Measurements on cold soot............................................................................................................... 21 4.2.4 Measurements in the strainless diffusion flame ..................................................................................... 21 4.2.5 Theoretical work within measurement technique development ................................................................... 23 4.3 GAS TURBINES ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.4 ADVANCED IMAGING WITH KHZ/MULTI-YAG LASER SYSTEMS .............................................................. 30 4.4.1 Simultaneous visualization of OH, CH, CH2O and toluene PLIF in a turbulent methane jet flame ............. 30 4.4.2 Time resolved, 3D imaging (4D) of two phase flow at a repetition rate of 1 kHz........................................ 32 4.4.3 3D measurement of local extinction coefficient in a dense spray ................................................................ 34 4.4.4 Simultaneous high-speed PIV and OH PLIF measurements for investigating flame-flow interaction in a low swirl stratified turbulent lean premixed flame ............................................................................................................ 36 4.4.5 Liquid Spray Penetration Length during Late Post Injection in an Optical Light-Duty Diesel Engine ........... 37 4.4.6 Quantitative in cylinder fuel measurements in a heavy duty diesel engine using Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging (SLIPI) ............................................................................................................................... 39 4.4.7 Analysis of EGR Effects on the Soot Distribution in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine using Time-Resolved Laser Induced Incandescence ................................................................................................................................... 40 4.4.8 Challenges for In-cylinder High-Speed Two-Dimensional Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Soot ... 41 4.4.9 Comparison of three schemes of two-photon laser-induced fluorescence for CO detection .................................. 43 4.5 THERMOGRAPHIC PHOSPHORS ................................................................................................................ 45 4.5.1 Investigations on phosphor layer thickness in a Toyota car engine ............................................................. 45 4.5.2 Phosphor Calibration Automation .................................................................................................... 46 4.5.3 Degeneration processes in La2O2S:Eu .............................................................................................. 47 4.5.4 2D Surface thermometry applied on a aircraft jet engine......................................................................... 48 4.5.5 Limitations of ICCD detectors and precision investigation in 2D phosphor thermometry .............................. 51 4.5.6 Investigations on Detector Non-Linear Response for the Optimization of Laser-Induced Phosphorescence Decay- Time Detection............................................................................................................................................ 54 4.6 PICOSECOND LASER DIAGNOSTICS .......................................................................................................... 57 4.6.1 Simultaneous OH and CO lifetime measurements along a line ............................................................... 57 4.6.2 Investigations of picosecond excitation for laser-induced two-photon fluorescence of CO .................................. 59 4.6.3 Picosecond lidar thermometry in a measurement volume surrounded by highly scattering media ........................ 59 4.6.4 Single-ended room fire measurements using picosecond-LIDAR .............................................................. 61 4.6.5 Investigation of plane wall jets: Towards quantitative species concentrations using picosecond LIF ................... 62 4.7 DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOFRAGMENTATION LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE ......... 65 4.8 DETECTION OF CO2 FROM CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF CO USING PLANAR LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE ................................................................................................................................................. 69 4.9 SPRAY IMAGING DIAGNOSTICS ................................................................................................................ 72 4.9.1 Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging - SLIPI ........................................................................ 72 4.9.2 Modeling of light scattering in sprays ................................................................................................. 74 4.10 X-RAY STUDIES OF NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR PRECURSOR IN FLAMES ............................................ 76 4.11 RESONANT-ENHANCED 4-WAVE MIXING TECHNIQUES ........................................................................ 78 4.11.1 Quantitative HCN measurements in CH4/N2O/O2/N2 flames ........................................................... 78 4.11.2 Quantitative C2H2 measurements in sooty flames ................................................................................. 80 4.11.3 Quantitative HCN measurements in a tube furnace ............................................................................. 82 4.11.4 High spatially-resolved single-shot HF imaging in flames ....................................................................... 83 4.11.5 Thermometry using Mid-infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing ............................................................. 85 4.11.6 PS and LIF of OH radicals for flame thermometry .............................................................................. 86 4.12 DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF PLIF ....................................................................................... 90 4.12.1 NCN detection in atmospheric flames ................................................................................................ 90 4.12.2 NO Measurements Laser-Saturated Fluorescence ................................................................................ 91 4.12.3 Laser-induced photofragmentation