University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk Faculty of Arts and Humanities Plymouth Business School 2015-09-22 Researching Literary Tourism Mansfield, C http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6351 Shadows Books & Media All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. ________________________ Researching Literary Tourism Charlie Mansfield Publisher: Shadows Books & Media, Bideford (22 Sept. 2015) ISBN 9780992857936 GGKEY:APEYCWGUC95 E ASIN: B015QEL7RE 1 2 __________________________________________________________ © 2015 Charles Mansfield Copyright Statement To cite: Mansfield, C (2015) Researching Literary Tourism, Bideford, Shadows. This copy has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author, Dr Charles Mansfield. Front Cover Photo Credit: Professor Paul Brunt (2014) Fieldwork research photograph of Admiral Restaurant on junction of Avenue Pierre Gueguin and Place Jean Jaurès with Quai d'Aiguillon in foreground, taken from Ville Close, Concarneau. 3 4 Preamble This book approaches literary tourism initially from an historical perspective in order to define the phenomenon through a review of the existing academic literature in the field. The forms of literary tourism are analysed to provide a typology and from this the value of literary tourism is explained both from the visitor's point of view and the destination manager's. Current theories underpinning the existing literature on literary tourism, including Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital are reviewed. To extend the current state of research and to answer the research questions a case study of successful urban literary tourism is identified, in Brittany, France. The uses of French literature in literary tourism are reviewed to provide a sound basis on which to examine French texts and tourist destinations. Novel methods of field research are developed to formalise and to make reproducible the methodology for this study and for future work drawing on, and seeking to combine both literary theory and ethnography. Following a pilot study on the French Riviera the full discovery instruments are designed and applied in fieldwork on the case destination, Concarneau, using the detective novel, The Yellow Dog, which is set in Concarneau. Analysis of the findings from this provide a new contribution to the field of literary theory, in the area of reader interpellation, and answer the research questions in the form of a new set of recommendations for DMOs and tourism stakeholders. From the empirical study that used Web 2.0 social media, only available since 2013, an analysis of which novels do stimulate literary tourism is presented for the first time. Out of the research process new methods have been evolved, and are presented in the conclusion, for the DMO to synthesise and leverage digital resources. This provides DMOs with interpretation processes for its managed heritage to use with its local stakeholders in hotels and in tourism businesses. Finally, an innovative conceptualisation of what constitutes tourism knowledge is proposed. Keywords Literary tourism, tourism destination image, TDI, place branding, literary theory, close reading, French literature, autoethnography, ethnography, grounded theory, narrative analysis, destination management organisation, DMO, leisure value, leadership, tourism knowledge, Simenon, Maigret, detective fiction, The Yellow Dog, Le Chien jaune, Concarneau, Brittany, Finistère. 5 Contents Preamble .................................................................................................................... 5 Keywords ................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures .............................................................................................................. 11 List of Plates ................................................................................................................ 12 List of Tables ............................................................................................................... 14 Full Research Title ................................................................................................... 16 Research Questions .................................................................................................. 16 Aims and Objectives ................................................................................................ 16 About the Author ..................................................................................................... 17 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 18 1 Introduction and Choice of Case Study .................................................................... 19 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 19 The Choice of Concarneau and Simenon's The Yellow Dog ................................... 20 2 Literary Tourism in Context ..................................................................................... 28 History of Leisure Travel related to Literary Works ............................................... 28 Finding the Author ................................................................................................... 32 Topographical Accuracy .......................................................................................... 33 Guide-Books and Material Authenticity .................................................................. 35 Authenticity and the Imaginary ............................................................................... 37 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 40 3 The Forms and Value of Literary Tourism ............................................................... 42 Place Capital and Cultural Capital ........................................................................... 42 Categorising Literary Tourism ................................................................................. 44 Knowledge, Social Capital and the Unplanned Value of Literary Links ................ 46 From Social Capital to Destination Branding .......................................................... 48 Value in Literary Text .............................................................................................. 50 Pleasure, Point of View and Identification .............................................................. 51 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 53 4 French Literature and its potential for Literary Tourism .......................................... 55 French urban space in nineteenth century literature ................................................ 55 Ross and Rimbaud: Reclaiming the City ................................................................. 62 The Book and the Building in French Popular Imagination .................................... 63 Crossing into the twentieth century in French literature .......................................... 66 6 How shall we live? – Post-war Novels .................................................................... 68 Pleasure and Socialisation in Narrative Writing ...................................................... 70 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 72 5 Defining the DMO and the Value of Literary Tourism to the DMO ........................ 75 Towards a Definition of DMO ................................................................................. 75 Qualified Tourism Consultancy in France ............................................................... 76 The Smallest DMO Unit in Literary Tourism.......................................................... 77 The Hierarchy of Government Divisions for Tourism in France ............................ 79 Preamble .............................................................................................................. 79 Départements ....................................................................................................... 79 Régions ................................................................................................................ 80 State...................................................................................................................... 82 Production of Place Cultural Capital by the DMO's Tourism Policy ...................... 83 The DMO and TDI (Tourism Destination Image) ................................................... 84 Creating a Tourism Space with Human Resource Management ............................. 85 Measuring Value in Place Branding and TDI .......................................................... 86 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 86 6 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................