Another Tale of Two Cities: A Summary of the Lessons Learned What Two Capital City, University Towns Can Learn From Each Other Andy Redman May 2004 The Ray Marshall Center prepared this report with funds provided from Louisiana State University and LUBA Workers’ Comp. The views expressed in this report are the author’s and do not represent the positions of Louisiana State University, LUBA Workers’ Comp, or The University of Texas at Austin. FOREWORD Students at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs are required to conduct original research and write a professional report under the supervision of at least two faculty readers in order to receive their Masters in Public Affairs degree from the University of Texas at Austin. Over the past three decades, hundreds of LBJ School students have done so, a number of them under my supervision, in whole or in part, while working at the Ray Marshall Center for the Study of Human Resources, a research center of the School. This report and its author, Andy Redman, are a part of this tradition, but they are also distinctive in a number of respects. First, Andy decided that he could only tackle the PR if he felt it had the potential for affecting policy and practice in some meaningful way. He wanted it to make a difference, now if possible. He wanted to help his hometown get on a path to a brighter economic future. Second, Andy chose to pursue outside funding for his research from those who would be most likely to make use of its findings, namely LUBA Workers Comp and Louisiana State University. These actors had the funds and the capacity to translate findings into action. Third, outside funding created the opportunity both to create a short, policymaker-friendly version of his PR and to post it (plus the longer version) on the Center’s Web site as well as publish and distribute hard copies so that it would have “legs.” This would increase the chances that key decision makers would actually read and make use of his research. One final word. In his report, Andy mentions that Baton Rouge isn’t the only city that’s attempting to develop its economic and social infrastructure and educate and train its people more effectively based on what places like Austin are doing. Shortly after this report was written, my family and I had the opportunity to return to Wellington, New Zealand to meet with Mayor Kerry Prendergrast and her staff to see what they had done following their visit to Austin and other “creative class” cities a few years ago. Under her leadership, Wellington has embarked on an ambitious campaign — “Absolutely Positively Wellington” — along similar lines, and the results of their efforts are evident everywhere in that beautiful city. Andy’s research speaks for itself. It represents a real contribution to the literature on economic and workforce development and it also furthers the traditions of the LBJ School and the Ray Marshall Center. I commend it to you for reading and action. I also hope other students at the LBJ School will be encouraged to follow Andy’s example and do their own original action research with support from outside sponsors. Christopher T. King Director Ray Marshall Center Another Tale of Two Cities “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.” These nineteenth century words from Charles miles down the highway nestled among the hill Dickens aptly describe the situation of Austin, country of Texas. Majestic state capitol Texas and Baton Rouge, Louisiana over the buildings highlight both quaint city skylines. Off past thirty years. in the near distance lie the flagship universities of each state. The citizens in both communities This is the tale of these two cities. work in government and manufacturing, and the cities have nearly identical numbers of workers. It is the tale of a city that has struggled to keep Similarly, the population of the two temperate its young and educated minds in the state. It is regions is almost the same size. the tale of another city that has not only kept its own minds, but also rapidly increased the This is the tale of how these two college-town, migration of minds into state capitals diverged the city from all over the during the past thirty years Figure 1: Population Trends, 1970-2002 world. so much that Austin now has twice as many jobs Population Trends It is also the tale of a and people as Baton university that plays 1,600,000 Rouge. host to a national 1,400,000 championship college 1,200,000 What were the causes for football team but is 1,000,000 such a dramatic growth in steeped in academic 800,000 Austin? In spite of the 600,000 Population initial similarities, why has mediocrity. It is the tale 400,000 of another university 200,000 Baton Rouge not kept up that has the second- 0 with the Texas capital? largest university 1970 1980 1990 2000 2002 This publication is a endowment in the world Year summary of the key and countless degree findings and programs ranked in the Austin Baton Rouge recommendations made in top ten – while still a report published by the being rated as the best The populations of Austin and Baton Rouge were nearly Ray Marshall Center for identical in 1970 at 398,938 and 375,628, respectively. But sports university in the by 2000, Austin’s population exploded to reach 1,249,763 the Study of Human country by Sports and Baton Rouge’s paled in comparison at 602,894. Resources entitled Illustrated. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.) and U.S. Census “Another Tale of Two Bureau (2000, November). Cities: What Two Capital It is the tale of a City, University Towns community that has seen such stagnant job Can Learn From Each Other.” The growth that the local newspaper ran a year-long recommendations are based on an in depth series on the vast number of people “leaving comparison of the Austin and Baton Rouge Louisiana.” It is the tale of another community Metropolitan Statistical Areas using literature, that has had such a boom in employment that data, interviews, and other resources to analyze the local newspaper ran a year-long series on the following areas: demographic the migration to the “city of ideas.” characteristics, the history of leadership and development, the economy and cost of doing This tale begins in 1970 along the banks of the business, and the education system. mighty Mississippi River and over four hundred May 2004 | 1 A n o t h e r T a l e o f T w o C i t i e s Recommendations: A Crucial Point in Baton Rouge’s Tale Austin has been lucky. The Texas capital was called the “creative class” to the community, well positioned competitively to take advantage including artists, writers, researchers, of the tech boom of the 1980s and 1990s. But inventors and others. close study reveals that it was not just luck in • Fourth pillar of the economy. Austin. Luck can certainly help any city, but it is Baton Rouge must seek and establish a not absolutely necessary. The Austin example fourth pillar of the economy to accompany indicates that there are particular factors that state government, Louisiana State University cities cannot live without. Specifically, the (LSU) and the Baton Rouge Community Austin example shows that there are definite College (BRCC), and the petrochemical features that Baton Rouge must have in order to industry. grow at a rapid pace. • Entrepreneurship. Coupling The recommendations for development in Baton entrepreneurship with research is one of the Rouge can be broken down into seven general keys to wealth creation and will play an categories: important role if Baton Rouge is to develop. • Education. Education is essential to • Image. The community needs to decide creating a talented workforce. Leaders must what Baton Rouge is going to be, and then work to improve the K-12 public school work towards establishing this image and system, further develop BRCC, and representing it to the world. drastically increase state appropriations to • Leadership. Similar to what Austin leaders LSU. did in the 1980s, Baton Rouge leaders in the • Funding. Baton Rougeans must be willing public and private sectors must unite to form to pay for infrastructure improvements. a vision for the city. They then have to be willing to take risks in order to see that vision The above areas are explored in detail below. come true. But it is important to note the recommendations • Encourage the “creative class.” Baton that are most urgent for Baton Rouge leaders to Rouge must focus on its quality of life in consider. These points are highlighted below. order to attract members of what has been Three Important Recommendations for Baton Rouge education and training Education and training must be improved. The quality of the public school system serves as a deterrent to attracting businesses, and this must change.