24 Sustainable Stockpile Management in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Role of EUFOR Mobile Training Team for Weapons and Ammunition Management By Jovana Carapic, Prasenjit Chaudhuri, and Pierre Gobinet A Working Paper of the Small Arms Survey, with support from the Swiss Verification Unit Copyright Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, 2016 First published in November 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. Small Arms Survey Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Maison de la Paix, Chemin Eugène-Rigot 2E 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Copy-edited by Alex Potter Proofread by Stephanie Huitson Cartography by MAPgrafix Typeset in Optima and Palatino by Rick Jones ISBN 978-2-940548-30-0 2 Small Arms Survey Working Paper 24 About the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is a global centre of excellence whose mandate is to gen- erate impartial, evidence-based, and policy-relevant knowledge on all aspects of small arms and armed violence. It is the principal international source of expertise, information, and analysis on small arms and armed violence issues, and acts as a resource for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and civil society. It is located in Geneva, Switzerland, at the Graduate Institute of Inter- national and Development Studies. 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Icons by Freepik from www.flaticon.com 4 Small Arms Survey Working Paper 24 Contents List of boxes, figures, and tables ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 About the authors and contributors .................................................................................................................................... 10 Authors 10 Contributors 11 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Stockpile management capacity building in post-conflict settings: experiences from BiH ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 The post-war control and management of weapons and ammunition stockpiles in BiH 17 EUFOR Operation ALTHEA: focusing on capacity building and training 19 The MTT Project: inception and mandate 21 MTT Project: a comprehensive approach to capacity building ...................................... 27 Conducting assessment visits 27 The ‘capacity-building and training’ project plan 30 Training-the-trainers: building organizational capacity through modular courses 32 Structural adaptations for host nations 36 Coherence between training and equipment 37 A holistic approach to weapons and ammunition LCM ............................................................. 38 Coordinating national and international stakeholders 38 Host-nation ownership of weapons and ammunition LCM 41 Carapic, Chaudhuri, and Gobinet Sustainable Stockpile Management in BiH 5 Facilitating ammunition inventory and surveillance in BiH 43 Surplus disposal 46 Conclusion: lessons learned and ways forward ........................................................................................... 50 Endnotes ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53 References ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 6 Small Arms Survey Working Paper 24 List of boxes, figures, and tables Boxes 1 A note on methodology 15 2 Changing focus: operational mandates for EUFOR ALTHEA 20 3 Findings of initial assessment visits, 2010 29 4 Surplus disposal and the Doboj Agreement 47 Figures 1 A comprehensive approach to sustainable capacity building 28 2 Train-the-trainer approach (3M Model: moderating, mentoring, monitoring) 33 3 Age and risk analysis of AFBiH ammunition stocks, 2007–14 44 4 AFBiH ammunition inspected in 2015, by weight (tonnes) and location (ASS) 45 5 Quantity of ammunition disposed of annually in BiH, 2006–15 48 Tables 1 UEMS incidents in BiH, 1979–2015 18 2 MTT-organized courses handed over to the AFBiH up to the end of 2015 23 3 Activities in support of MTT-organized courses 24 4 MTT Project and TRADOC courses, 2011–15 36 5 Conventional ammunition and small arms and light weapons surplus stockpiles declared by the BiH MoD, 2008–15 43 Carapic, Chaudhuri, and Gobinet Sustainable Stockpile Management in BiH 7 List of abbreviations AFBiH Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina ASS Ammunition storage site AWE Ammunition, weapons, and explosives/ Ammunition, Weapons, and Explosives (Task Force) AWE Master Master Plan on Ammunition, Weapons, and Explosives Plan BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosne i Hercegovine) Dayton General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Agreement Herzegovina DIF Defence Industry Factory DTRA (US) Defense Threat Reduction Agency ESH Explosives storehouse EUFOR European Union Force EWG Expert Working Group FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina HQ Headquarters IFOR Implementation Force LCM Life-cycle management MoD Ministry of Defence MTT Mobile Training Team NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OB/OD Open burning/open detonation OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe PSSM Physical security and stockpile management RASR Regional Approach to Stockpile Reduction 8 Small Arms Survey Working Paper 24 RS Republika Srpska SAWAD Special advisor on weapons and ammunition disposal SEE South-east Europe SEESAC South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons SFOR Stabilization Force SOP Standard operating procedure TRADOC Training and Doctrine Command UEMS Unplanned explosions at munitions sites UNDP United Nations Development Programme VF BiH Vojska Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine VRS Vojska Republike Srpske Carapic, Chaudhuri, and Gobinet Sustainable Stockpile Management in BiH 9 About the authors and contributors Authors Jovana Carapic is an associate researcher at the Small Arms Survey. She is engaged in various projects in the field of physical security and stockpile man- agement (PSSM), capacity building and training for PSSM,