PERSONALITY THEORIES FREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS PERSONALITY DEFINED The unique pattern of enduring thoughts, feelings, and actions that characterize a person A LITTLE BACKGROUND ON SIGMUND FREUD… PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE Freud believed psychological influences caused disorders Wanted to see what these psychological influences were Developed first comprehensive personality theory ever!! PSYCHODYNAMIC Conscious Thoughts Emotions memories Unconscious Painful memories Fears Immoral urges Selfish needs Unacceptable sexual Violent impulses desires Traumatic Unresolved conflicts Sigmund Freud experiences Irrational wishes EXPLORING THE UNCONSCIOUS Unconscious Free Psychoanalysis Mind association • Filled with • Patients retrieved • Freud asked unacceptable painful thoughts, patients to say thoughts, wishes, once retrieved whatever came to feelings, and feel better their mind to tap memories the unconscious THE STRUCTURE OF THE MIND ID EGO SUPEREGO THE ID EROS: “Life Instincts” • Promote positive, constructive behavior • Reflect the libido (energy source). THANTOS: “Death Instincts” • Responsible of aggression & destructiveness. Pleasure Principle • Seeking immediate satisfaction of both kinds of instincts • While unconscious, the id seeks expression through… • 1. Dreams • 2. Freudian Slips (Slips of the Tongue) THE EGO Develops from the Id • Parents/teachers & others begin to place restrictions on Id expressions. Reality Principle • Makes compromises b/w the Id’s demands & practicality of the real world. THE UNCONSCIOUS AT WORK Naomi’s id wants her to eat an entire plate of donuts. The ego suggests a more moderate response, which may partially satisfy the id. Naomi decides to have one donut. THE SUPEREGO Develops from internalizing societal & cultural values • Tells us what we should & should not do Moral Guide • Feelings of guilt for doing bad; feelings of pride for doing good. THE UNCONSCIOUS AT WORK You are a small child in a candy store. Your id is screaming for candy. The superego is saying, “You know it is wrong to steal candy.” The ego decides that the best way to handle this dilemma is for you to go home and ask your mother for your allowance. Then you can go back and buy the candy, satisfying both the id and the superego. PSYCHODYNAMIC CONFLICTS Id, ego & superego compete and conflict. Personalities are shaped by the number, nature and outcome of these conflicts. Ego’s function in the conflict is to prevent anxiety or guilt when we are aware of our id impulses or violate superego’s rules. This ego sometimes uses defense mechanisms to prevent anxiety or guilt. ID/EGO/SUPEREGO REVIEW DEFENSE MECHANISMS Repression • “To Forget” Denial • “To Not Admit” Displacement • “To Redirect Anger” Reaction Formation • “To Express The Opposite” DEFENSE MECHANISMS Regression • “To Go Backward” Rationalization • “To Make Excuses” Projection • “To Point The Finger” Sublimation • “To Channel Impulses” DEFENSE MECHANISMS Compensation • “To Overachieve” PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Healthy personalities complete stages Occurs in stages. without the libido becoming fixated in earlier stages. Fixation occurs when a child becomes too comfortable in a stage OR they are traumatized in a stage. STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Oral Anal Phallic Stage Stage Stage Impulses stay in the Genital Latency background. Focus becomes Stage Period development of social skills. ***** SPAZZ & MR. BEAR APPLYING PSYCHODYNAMICS FREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS What stage does Spazz seem to be strongly fixated in? Why? Provide two examples List at least 2 that illustrate Spazz personality traits that has reached the Phallic will remain the same Stage. throughout Spazz’s life. EVALUATING FREUDIAN PSYCHODYNAMICS Positives Stimulated personality Emotions may not be Defense Mechanisms developmental theories consciously felt Negatives Not empirical or representative PENIS ENVY??? VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS Carl Jung • Extroverted & introverted personality types • “Collective unconscious” & archetypes VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS Alfred Adler • Personality develops from innate desire to control our environment & overcome helplessness • “Strive for Superiority” VARIATIONS ON FREUD’S PERSONALITY THEORY: NEO FREUDIANS Karen Horney • Countered Freud’s penis envy w/ womb envy • Women feel inferior because of cultural & political restrictions. • People in general must deal with “neurotic needs” CONTEMPORARY PSYCHODYNAMICS: OBJECT RELATIONS Studies how people’s The first relationships perceptions of b/w infants & love themselves influence objects (mothers) their view of the vitally important world Focus on attachments (secure & insecure).