Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 98 (2018) 119–206 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ppnp Review Baryons and baryon resonances in nuclear matter Horst Lenske a,*, Madhumita Dhar a,b , Theodoros Gaitanos a,c , Xu Cao a,d,e a Institut für Theoretische Physik, JLU Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392, Gießen, Germany b Balurghat College, Balurghat, India c Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece d Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China e State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China article info a b s t r a c t Article history: Theoretical approaches to the production of hyperons and baryon resonances in ele- Available online 7 October 2017 mentary hadronic reactions and heavy ion collisions are reviewed. The focus is on the production and interactions of baryons in the lowest SU(3) flavor octet and states from Keywords: the next higher SU(3) flavor decuplet. Approaches using the SU(3) formalism for inter- Hyperons actions of mesons and baryons and effective field theory for hyperons are discussed. Baryon resonances Strangeness production An overview of application to free space and in-medium baryon–baryon interactions is Transport theory given and the relation to a density functional theory is indicated. The intimate connection Nuclear matter between baryon resonances and strangeness production is shown first for reactions on the Hypernuclei nucleon. Pion-induced hypernuclear reactions are shown to proceed essentially through the excitation of intermediate nucleon resonances. Transport theory in conjunction with a statistical fragmentation model is an appropriate description of hypernuclear production in antiproton and heavy ion induced fragmentation reactions. The excitation of subnuclear degrees of freedom in peripheral heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies is reviewed. The status of in-medium resonance physics is discussed. ' 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................. 120 2. Interactions of SU(3) flavor octet baryons ............................................................................................................................................ 124 2.1. General aspects of nuclear strangeness physics....................................................................................................................... 124 2.2. Interactions in the baryon flavor octet ..................................................................................................................................... 125 2.3. Baryon–baryon scattering amplitudes and cross sections ...................................................................................................... 129 2.4. In-medium baryon–baryon vertices ......................................................................................................................................... 134 2.5. Vertex functionals and self-energies ........................................................................................................................................ 136 3. Covariant DFT approach to nuclear and hypernuclear physics ........................................................................................................... 137 3.1. Achievements of the microscopic DDRH nuclear DFT ............................................................................................................. 137 3.2. Covariant Lagrangian approach to in-medium baryon interactions....................................................................................... 137 4. DBHF investigations of Λ hypernuclei and hypermatter..................................................................................................................... 139 4.1. Global properties of single-Λ hypernuclei............................................................................................................................... 139 4.2. Spectroscopic details of single-Λ hypernuclei......................................................................................................................... 140 4.3. Interactions in multiple-strangeness nuclei............................................................................................................................. 142 4.4. Hyperon interactions and hypernuclei by effective field theory ............................................................................................ 143 4.5. Brief overview on LQCD activities............................................................................................................................................. 144 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Lenske). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2017.09.001 0146-6410/' 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 120 H. Lenske et al. / Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 98 (2018) 119–206 4.6. Infinite hypermatter................................................................................................................................................................... 145 5. Strangeness and resonance excitation on the free nucleon................................................................................................................. 147 5.1. Coupled channels approach to nucleon resonances ................................................................................................................ 147 5.2. The Giessen coupled channels model for baryon spectroscopy.............................................................................................. 147 5.3. Strangeness production on the nucleon ................................................................................................................................... 149 5.4. Probing nucleon resonances by η-meson production ............................................................................................................. 151 5.5. Double-pion production on the nucleon through resonances................................................................................................ 153 5.6. Discussion of strangeness and resonance physics on the nucleon ......................................................................................... 156 6. Strangeness production in coherent reactions with elementary probes............................................................................................ 158 C C 6.1. Covariant model for the A(π ; K )ΛA reaction....................................................................................................................... 159 6.2. Interaction Lagrangians ............................................................................................................................................................. 159 6.3. Resonance propagators.............................................................................................................................................................. 161 6.4. Nuclear model ............................................................................................................................................................................ 161 6.5. Hypernuclear spectra from (π C; K C) reactions....................................................................................................................... 161 7. Gauge theory of high-spin fermionic fields .......................................................................................................................................... 162 7.1. Gauge properties of spin-3/2 fields........................................................................................................................................... 162 7.2. Gauge properties of spin-5/2 fields........................................................................................................................................... 164 8. Heavy ion collisions as a probe for strangeness in nuclear matter ..................................................................................................... 166 8.1. Transport theory for hadronic collisions .................................................................................................................................. 167 8.1.1. Transport theoretical description of particle production in hadronic reactions.................................................... 167 8.1.2. Time evolution of the 1-body density ....................................................................................................................... 169 8.1.3. Fragmentation reactions ............................................................................................................................................ 169 9. Hypernuclear production in fragmentation reactions ......................................................................................................................... 170 9.1. Results of the hybrid approach to fragmentation .................................................................................................................... 170 9.2. Dynamics of strangeness and hypernuclei in heavy-ion collisions .......................................................................................