Evaluation of the European Union’s regional co-operation with Asia Final Report Volume 2 March 2014 ___________ Evaluation carried out on behalf of the European Commission DevelopmentDevelopment andand Cooperation Cooperation EuropeAidEuropeAid Consortium composed by DRN, ECDPM, Ecorys, Particip Leader of the Consortium: DRN mail@drn­network.com Contract No EVA 2011/Lot 4 Specific contract No 2012/305114 This evaluation was commissioned by the Evaluation Unit of the Directorate General for Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid (European Commission) The opinions expressed in this document represent the authors’ points of view which are not necessarily shared by the European Commission or by the authorities of the concerned countries. This report has been prepared by Merzhauser Str. 183 79100 Freiburg, Germany Phone: +49 761 790 740 Fax: +49 761 790 7490 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.particip.de The evaluation team consisted of Jörn Dosch (Team Leader), Landis MacKellar, Jan Douwe Meindertsma, Steven Ney (senior evaluation experts), Chhaya Jha and Jatswan Singh (senior thematic experts). The team has been supported by: Georg Ladj (QA director), Christopher Dent (expert on Asia political economy), Virorth Doung, Natthanan Kunnamas, Vu Ngoc Uyen, Win Win Kyi (country specific experts), Julia Schwarz and Sarah Seus (project manager), Daniel Claus and Meike Pollakowski (supporting expert). The author accepts sole responsibility for this report, drawn up on behalf of the Commission of the European Union. The report does not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission. Cover Picture sources: SWITCH Asia, FLEGT Asia, EuropeAid Multimedia Library, Jörn Dosch & Jan Douwe Meindertsma Evaluation of the European Union’s regional co-operation with Asia Final Report The report consists of 3 volumes: Volume I: Main report Volume II: Detailed information matrix Volume III: Annexes VOLUME I: MAIN REPORT 1. Introduction 2. Overall methodological approach 3. Background and context of regional-level EU support to Asia 4. Answers to the Evaluation Questions 5. Conclusions 6. Recommendations VOLUME II: DETAILED INFORMATION MATRIX 1. EQ1 on strengthening inter-regional dialogue & partnership 2. EQ2 on regional added value to economic integration 3. EQ3 on added value to regional integration in non-economic fields 4. EQ4 on environment, energy and climate change 5. EQ5 on higher education 6. EQ6 on support to uprooted people 7. EQ7 on regional strategy 8. EQ8 on added value of the regional approach VOLUME III: ANNEX 1 TO 10 1. Annex 1: Terms of reference 2. Annex 2: Methodological approach during desk and field phase 3. Annex 3: Background and context of the evaluation 4. Annex 4: Inventory 5. Annex 5: Intervention logic 6. Annex 6: CSP analysis 7. Annex 7: Results of the survey to the EU delegations 8. Annex 8: List of people interviewed 9. Annex 9: List of documents and sources of information 10. Annex 10: Minutes of Dissemination Seminar (20 March 2014) i Table of Contents 1 EQ1 on strengthening inter-regional dialogue & partnership................................1 1.1 JC 11: Degree to which regional-level EU support to Asia has deepened the inter-regional exchange of information and analysis ................................................................1 1.2 JC 12: Extent to which regional-level EU support to Asia has strengthened the problem-solving capacities of Asian partners in economic, socio-political and environmental fields ..................................................................................................................9 1.3 JC 13: Degree to which regional-level EU support to Asia has strengthened links between civil societies and Governments in Asia and civil society exchange between Asia and Europe and within Asia.............................................................13 2 EQ2 on regional added value to economic integration ........................................16 2.1 JC 21 Degree to which regional EU-level support facilitated the development and conclusion of regional legal and institutional architecture, addressing key issues for economic integration...............................................................................................16 2.2 JC 22: Extent to which regional-level EU support to Asia has facilitated the regional flow of goods and services........................................................................................24 3 EQ3 on added value to regional integration in non-economic fields ..................34 3.1 JC 31 Extent to which regional-level EU support to Asia has contributed to developing a regional response mechanism towards highly pathogenic and emerging diseases (HPED) and other health-related challenges...........................................34 3.2 JC 32: Degree to which regional-level EU support to Asia has contributed to border management and disaster risk reduction through regional co-operation approaches and mechanisms .................................................................................................38 4 EQ4 on environment, energy and climate change................................................43 4.1 JC 41: Level to which EU support has helped improving the policy framework for the uptake of SCP practices and systems.........................................................................43 4.2 JC 42: Degree to which the EU support contributed to the adoption of wide- scale application of SCP practices..........................................................................................47 4.3 JC 43: Degree to which the EU regional support has facilitated a reduction in illegal logging and an increase in potential trade of legal timber products .............................51 4.4 JC 44: Degree to which the regional EU support has been designed and used impel-mentation modalities to facilitate the generation of the desired impact and synergy in the areas of climate change adaptation and mitigation and green growth......................................................................................................................................54 5 EQ5 on higher education........................................................................................58 5.1 JC 51: Degree to which regional-level EU support to Asia strengthened interconnectivity between research and education networks between Asia and Europe and within Asia ...........................................................................................................58 5.2 JC 52: Extent to which regional-level EU support to Asia has enabled an increase in quality in teaching, research and governance in Asian higher education systems ..................................................................................................................68 5.3 JC 53: Degree to which regional-level EU support to Asia has helped Asian universities to increase and diversify the human capital for national development processes ..........................................................................................................77 6 EQ6 on support to uprooted people ......................................................................82 6.1 JC 61: Degree to which foundation for sustainable livelihoods have been created for refugees, IDPs, returnees, and ex-combatants in the civil sector ........................82 6.2 JC 62: Degree to which political dialogue on legal status and rights of uprooted people helped promoting durable solutions ............................................................................88 6.3 JC 63: Degree to which EU support helped improving access to basic services ...................90 7 EQ7 on regional strategy........................................................................................97 Evaluation of EU’s regional co-operation with Asia Final Report; Particip; March 2014 ii 7.1 JC 71: Extent to which the intervention strategy responds to, and is coordinated with the agenda of key Asian partners, particularly ASEAN, SAARC and ASEM. .................97 7.2 JC 72: Degree to which regional level strategies are coherent with the overall EU policy and implementation framework.............................................................................105 8 EQ8 on added value of the regional approach....................................................113 8.1 JC 81: Regional-level interventions in the various sectors are designed and implemented so as to maximise the value added stemming from a regional approach ...............................................................................................................................113 8.2 JC 82: Regional-level EU interventions complement and add value to the EU interventions carried out at the bilateral level........................................................................118 8.3 JC 83: Degree to which regional-level EU support has been designed and implemented so as to complement and add value to relevant EU MS and other donors ...................................................................................................................................123 List of figures Figure 1 Intra-ASEAN Trade 1998-2011.....................................................................................26 Figure 2 Level of transparency of Border administration, selected Asian countries, 2009-2012.....................................................................................................................30 Figure 3 Degree of efficiency of customs administration, selected