IQP JLS-0072 Martial Arts of the Middle Age Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation by Andrew Aveyard ___________________ Jason Cardwell ___________________ Brad Davison ___________________ Daniel Haggerty ___________________ May 6, 2014 _______________________________ Professor Jeffrey L. Forgeng, Advisor 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 History of European Martial Arts ................................................................................................................ 10 Medieval Time Period ............................................................................................................................. 10 Environment of the Medieval Age ...................................................................................................... 10 Knightly Combat .................................................................................................................................. 12 Masters and their Manuscripts ........................................................................................................... 13 Renaissance Time Period ........................................................................................................................ 16 Broken Swords: The Rise of Guns ....................................................................................................... 18 Masters and their Manuscripts: Continuing the Tradition ................................................................. 20 Post-Renaissance Time Period ................................................................................................................ 23 The End of Traditional Martial Arts in the Military ............................................................................. 24 Remaining Practice: Survival of Martial Arts ...................................................................................... 25 Traditions Struggle On ........................................................................................................................ 26 Revival Time Period ................................................................................................................................. 27 History Survives ................................................................................................................................... 28 Internet Revolution: Revival of the Martial Practices ......................................................................... 32 Physics and Principles of Human Movement .............................................................................................. 36 Physics ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 Psychology .......................................................................................................................................... 41 Japanese Martial Arts ............................................................................................................................. 42 Training ............................................................................................................................................... 42 Weapons ............................................................................................................................................. 44 Chinese Martial Arts................................................................................................................................ 47 Filipino Martial Arts ................................................................................................................................ 52 Development ....................................................................................................................................... 52 Sinawali ............................................................................................................................................... 53 Training and Practice .......................................................................................................................... 54 Swords ......................................................................................................................................................... 55 One-Handed Swords ............................................................................................................................... 55 2 Two-Handed Swords ............................................................................................................................... 63 Rapier and Small Sword .......................................................................................................................... 69 Non-European Martial Sword Arts.......................................................................................................... 74 Staff, Dagger, and Wrestling ....................................................................................................................... 79 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 79 Importance and Acceptance ............................................................................................................... 79 Base for All Weapons .......................................................................................................................... 79 Common Styles ................................................................................................................................... 80 Grappling ................................................................................................................................................. 81 Use in Combat vs. Sport ...................................................................................................................... 82 Similarities to Jujutsu .......................................................................................................................... 83 Similarities to Filipino Wrestling ......................................................................................................... 83 Self-Defense - Unarmed vs. Dagger ........................................................................................................ 84 Necessity ............................................................................................................................................. 84 Techniques .......................................................................................................................................... 84 Improvised Weapons .......................................................................................................................... 85 Dagger ..................................................................................................................................................... 86 The Weapon ........................................................................................................................................ 86 Common Techniques .......................................................................................................................... 86 Japanese Daggers ................................................................................................................................ 87 Filipino Daggers ................................................................................................................................... 87 Staff Weapons ......................................................................................................................................... 88 Historical Impediments ....................................................................................................................... 88 Common Techniques .......................................................................................................................... 89 Classification of Staff Weapons........................................................................................................... 90 Weapons of Weight ............................................................................................................................ 90 Weapons of Perfect Length ................................................................................................................ 91 Weapons Above Perfect Length ......................................................................................................... 91 Filipino Staff Weapons ........................................................................................................................ 91 Japanese Staff Weapons ..................................................................................................................... 92 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................